Transition to Werkzeug 1.0 — Werkzeug 0.12.1 documentation

# Transition to Werkzeug 1.0

Werkzeug originally had a magical import system hook that enabled everything to be imported from one module and still loading the actual implementations lazily as necessary. Unfortunately this turned out to be slow and also unreliable on alternative Python implementations and Google’s App Engine.

Starting with 0.7 we recommend against the short imports and strongly encourage starting importing from the actual implementation module. Werkzeug 1.0 will disable the magical import hook completely.

Because finding out where the actual functions are imported and rewriting them by hand is a painful and boring process we wrote a tool that aids in making this transition.

## Automatically Rewriting Imports

For instance, with Werkzeug < 0.7 the recommended way to use the escape function was this:

    from werkzeug import escape

With Werkzeug 0.7, the recommended way to import this function is directly from the utils module (and with 1.0 this will become mandatory). To automatically rewrite all imports one can use the werkzeug-import-rewrite script.

You can use it by executing it with Python and with a list of folders with Werkzeug based code. It will then spit out a hg/git compatible patch file. Example patch file creation:

    $ python werkzeug-import-rewrite.py . > new-imports.udiff

To apply the patch one of the following methods work:

hg:

>     hg import new-imports.udiff

git:

>     git apply new-imports.udiff

patch:

>     patch -p1 < new-imports.udiff

## Stop Using Deprecated Things

A few things in Werkzeug will stop being supported and for others, we’re suggesting alternatives even if they will stick around for a longer time.

Do not use:

- werkzeug.script, replace it with custom scripts written with argparse or something similar.

- werkzeug.template, replace with a proper template engine.

- werkzeug.contrib.jsrouting, stop using URL generation for JavaScript, it does not scale well with many public routing.

- werkzeug.contrib.kickstart, replace with hand written code, the Werkzeug API became better in general that this is no longer necessary.

- werkzeug.contrib.testtools, not useful really.