.. _errorpages:

Custom Error Pages
==================

Flask comes with a handy :func:`~flask.abort` function that aborts a
request with an HTTP error code early.  It will also provide a plain black
and white error page for you with a basic description, but nothing fancy.

Depending on the error code it is less or more likely for the user to
actually see such an error.

Common Error Codes
------------------

The following error codes are some that are often displayed to the user,
even if the application behaves correctly:

*404 Not Found*
    The good old "chap, you made a mistake typing that URL" message.  So
    common that even novices to the internet know that 404 means: damn,
    the thing I was looking for is not there.  It's a very good idea to
    make sure there is actually something useful on a 404 page, at least a
    link back to the index.

*403 Forbidden*
    If you have some kind of access control on your website, you will have
    to send a 403 code for disallowed resources.  So make sure the user
    is not lost when they try to access a forbidden resource.

*410 Gone*
    Did you know that there the "404 Not Found" has a brother named "410
    Gone"?  Few people actually implement that, but the idea is that
    resources that previously existed and got deleted answer with 410
    instead of 404.  If you are not deleting documents permanently from
    the database but just mark them as deleted, do the user a favour and
    use the 410 code instead and display a message that what they were
    looking for was deleted for all eternity.

*500 Internal Server Error*
    Usually happens on programming errors or if the server is overloaded.
    A terribly good idea is to have a nice page there, because your
    application *will* fail sooner or later (see also:
    :ref:`application-errors`).


Error Handlers
--------------

An error handler is a function, just like a view function, but it is
called when an error happens and is passed that error.  The error is most
likely a :exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.HTTPException`, but in one case it
can be a different error: a handler for internal server errors will be
passed other exception instances as well if they are uncaught.

An error handler is registered with the :meth:`~flask.Flask.errorhandler`
decorator and the error code of the exception.  Keep in mind that Flask
will *not* set the error code for you, so make sure to also provide the
HTTP status code when returning a response.

Please note that if you add an error handler for "500 Internal Server
Error", Flask will not trigger it if it's running in Debug mode.

Here an example implementation for a "404 Page Not Found" exception::

    from flask import render_template

    @app.errorhandler(404)
    def page_not_found(e):
        return render_template('404.html'), 404

An example template might be this:

.. sourcecode:: html+jinja

   {% extends "layout.html" %}
   {% block title %}Page Not Found{% endblock %}
   {% block body %}
     <h1>Page Not Found</h1>
     <p>What you were looking for is just not there.
     <p><a href="{{ url_for('index') }}">go somewhere nice</a>
   {% endblock %}

