WTForms Documentation

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# FAQ

This contains the most commonly asked questions about WTForms. The most current version of this document can always be found on the WTForms Website.

## Why does WTForms copy Django Forms?

Were we a bit more audacious, we’d probably say Django Forms copied us, but the reality is that WTForms and Django’s “newforms” were actually written at about the same time.

When WTForms was written, our primary goals were to provide HTML customization through templates, easily customized validation and a simple, declarative ORM-style API. At the time there was no newforms and the other alternatives either didn’t support HTML generation, were very tightly coupled with a single framework, or relied too heavily on an ORM.

## Does WTForms work with [library here]?

The answer is most likely yes. WTForms tries to provide as usable an API as possible. We’ve listed here some of the known libraries to work with WTForms, but if it’s not listed, it doesn’t mean it won’t work.

- Request/Form Input

  - Django
  - Webob (Includes Pylons, Google App Engine, Turbogears)
  - Werkzeug (Includes Flask, Tipfy)
  - any other cgi.FieldStorage-type multidict

- Templating Engines

  - Jinja2
  - Mako
  - Django Templates (To get the full power of WTForms in your templates, you will need to use the Django `extension`.)
  - Genshi

- Database Objects

  - Pretty much any ORM or object-DB should work, as long as data objects allow attribute access to their members.

    Special support is there for SQLAlchemy, Google App Engine, and Django collections via `extensions`.

## Does WTForms support unicode?

Simple answer: Yes.

Longer answer: WTForms uses unicode strings throughout the source code, and assumes that form input has already been coerced to unicode by your framework (Most frameworks already do this.) WTForms fields render to unicode strings by default, and therefore as long as your templating engine can work with that, you should have no unicode issues.

## What versions of Python are supported?

WTForms supports Python 2.6-2.7 and 3.2+ with a single codebase. Without 2to3 tool.

## How can I contribute to WTForms?

WTForms is not that scary. Really. We try to keep it as succint and readable as possible. If you feel like you have something to contribute to WTForms, let us know on the mailing list. For bugs and feature requests, you can file a ticket on the project page.

## How do I mark in a template when a field is required?

Some validators (notably Required and Optional) set flags on the fields’ `flags` object. To use this in a template, you can do something like:

    {% for field in form %}
        {{ field }}
        {% if field.flags.required %}*{% endif %}{{ field.label }}
    {% endfor %}

## Does WTForms handle file uploads?

Currently, it does not. This is because WTForms strives to be framework-agnostic, and every web framework handles file uploads somewhat differently. WTForms has a `FileField` which will let you render a file input widget, but the rest is up to you. An example use in a django-ish framework:

    class MyForm(Form):
        image = FileField()

    def my_view(request):
        form = MyForm(request.POST)
        file_wrapper = request.FILES[form.image.name]
        # Do things with your file wrapper now

Using `form.image.name` is an easy way to know what input name was generated for your file input, even if the form is prefixed.

## Why does blank input not go back to the default value?

A key design decision of WTForms was that form data -always- takes precedence when there’s a form submission. That is, if a field exists on a form, and a form was posted, but that field’s value was missing, it will not revert to a default, but instead store an empty value (and in some cases cause a validation error.)

This is for a number of reasons:

1. Security. If a form reverted to defaults on missing data, then an evil user could potentially cause problems by submitting a hand-coded form with key missing fields.
2. Bug-finding. If you omitted a field in your template, it might fall through to the default and you’d possibly miss it.
3. Consistency.

See the following mailing list posts for more discussion on the topic:
  - http://groups.google.com/group/wtforms/browse_frm/thread/6755a45a13878e9
  - http://groups.google.com/group/wtforms/msg/fa409c8c89b6f62d

## How do I... [convoluted combination of libraries]

You’ll probably want to check out our Solving Specific Problems doc.