Step 5: Creating The Database — Flask 0.12 documentation

# Step 5: Creating The Database

As outlined earlier, Flaskr is a database powered application, and more precisely, it is an application powered by a relational database system. Such systems need a schema that tells them how to store that information. Before starting the server for the first time, it’s important to create that schema.

Such a schema can be created by piping the `schema.sql` file into the sqlite3 command as follows:

    sqlite3 /tmp/flaskr.db < schema.sql

The downside of this is that it requires the `sqlite3` command to be installed, which is not necessarily the case on every system. This also requires that you provide the path to the database, which can introduce errors. It’s a good idea to add a function that initializes the database for you, to the application.

To do this, you can create a function and hook it into a flask command that initializes the database. For now just take a look at the code segment below. A good place to add this function, and command, is just below the connect_db function in `flaskr.py`:

    def init_db():
        db = get_db()
        with app.open_resource('schema.sql', mode='r') as f:
            db.cursor().executescript(f.read())
        db.commit()

    @app.cli.command('initdb')
    def initdb_command():
        """Initializes the database."""
        init_db()
        print('Initialized the database.')

The `app.cli.command()` decorator registers a new command with the flask script. When the command executes, Flask will automatically create an application context which is bound to the right application. Within the function, you can then access `flask.g` and other things as you might expect. When the script ends, the application context tears down and the database connection is released.

You will want to keep an actual function around that initializes the database, though, so that we can easily create databases in unit tests later on. (For more information see Testing Flask Applications.)

The `open_resource()` method of the application object is a convenient helper function that will open a resource that the application provides. This function opens a file from the resource location (the `flaskr/flaskr` folder) and allows you to read from it. It is used in this example to execute a script on the database connection.

The connection object provided by SQLite can give you a cursor object. On that cursor, there is a method to execute a complete script. Finally, you only have to commit the changes. SQLite3 and other transactional databases will not commit unless you explicitly tell it to.

Now, it is possible to create a database with the flask script:

    flask initdb
    Initialized the database.

Troubleshooting

If you get an exception later on stating that a table cannot be found, check that you did execute the `initdb` command and that your table names are correct (singular vs. plural, for example).

Continue with Step 6: The View Functions