Getting Started with Docker — Ansible Documentation

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# Getting Started with Docker

Ansible offers the following modules for orchestrating Docker containers:

> docker_service
>   Use your existing Docker compose files to orchestrate containers on a single Docker daemon or on Swarm. Supports compose versions 1 and 2.
> docker_container
>   Manages the container lifecycle by providing the ability to create, update, stop, start and destroy a container.
> docker_image
>   Provides full control over images, including: build, pull, push, tag and remove.
> docker_image_facts
>   Inspects one or more images in the Docker host’s image cache, providing the information as facts for making decision or assertions in a playbook.
> docker_login
>   Authenticates with Docker Hub or any Docker registry and updates the Docker Engine config file, which in turn provides password-free pushing and pulling of images to and from the registry.
> docker (dynamic inventory)
>   Dynamically builds an inventory of all the available containers from a set of one or more Docker hosts.

Ansible 2.1.0 includes major updates to the Docker modules, marking the start of a project to create a complete and integrated set of tools for orchestrating containers. In addition to the above modules, we are also working on the following:

Still using Dockerfile to build images? Check out ansible-container, and start building images from your Ansible playbooks.

Use the shipit command in ansible-container to launch your docker-compose file on OpenShift. Go from an app on your laptop to a fully scalable app in the cloud in just a few moments.

There’s more planned. See the latest ideas and thinking at the Ansible proposal repo.

## Requirements

Using the docker modules requires having docker-py installed on the host running Ansible. You will need to have >= 1.7.0 installed.

    $ pip install 'docker-py>=1.7.0'

The docker_service module also requires docker-compose

    $ pip install 'docker-compose>=1.7.0'

## Connecting to the Docker API

You can connect to a local or remote API using parameters passed to each task or by setting environment variables. The order of precedence is command line parameters and then environment variables. If neither a command line option or an environment variable is found, a default value will be used. The default values are provided under Parameters

### Parameters

Control how modules connect to the Docker API by passing the following parameters:

> docker_host
>   The URL or Unix socket path used to connect to the Docker API. Defaults to `unix://var/run/docker.sock`. To connect to a remote host, provide the TCP connection string. For example: `tcp://192.0.2.23:2376`. If TLS is used to encrypt the connection to the API, then the module will automatically replace ‘tcp’ in the connection URL with ‘https’.
> api_version
>   The version of the Docker API running on the Docker Host. Defaults to the latest version of the API supported by docker-py.
> timeout
>   The maximum amount of time in seconds to wait on a response from the API. Defaults to 60 seconds.
> tls
>   Secure the connection to the API by using TLS without verifying the authenticity of the Docker host server. Defaults to False.
> tls_verify
>   Secure the connection to the API by using TLS and verifying the authenticity of the Docker host server. Default is False.
> cacert_path
>   Use a CA certificate when performing server verification by providing the path to a CA certificate file.
> cert_path
>   Path to the client’s TLS certificate file.
> key_path
>   Path to the client’s TLS key file.
> tls_hostname
>   When verifying the authenticity of the Docker Host server, provide the expected name of the server. Defaults to ‘localhost’.
> ssl_version
>   Provide a valid SSL version number. Default value determined by docker-py, which at the time of this writing was 1.0

### Environment Variables

Control how the modules connect to the Docker API by setting the following variables in the environment of the host running Ansible:

> DOCKER_HOST
>   The URL or Unix socket path used to connect to the Docker API.
> DOCKER_API_VERSION
>   The version of the Docker API running on the Docker Host. Defaults to the latest version of the API supported by docker-py.
> DOCKER_TIMEOUT
>   The maximum amount of time in seconds to wait on a response from the API.
> DOCKER_CERT_PATH
>   Path to the directory containing the client certificate, client key and CA certificate.
> DOCKER_SSL_VERSION
>   Provide a valid SSL version number.
> DOCKER_TLS
>   Secure the connection to the API by using TLS without verifying the authenticity of the Docker Host.
> DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY
>   Secure the connection to the API by using TLS and verify the authenticity of the Docker Host.

## Dynamic Inventory Script

The inventory script generates dynamic inventory by making API requests to one or more Docker APIs. It’s dynamic because the inventory is generated at run-time rather than being read from a static file. The script generates the inventory by connecting to one or many Docker APIs and inspecting the containers it finds at each API. Which APIs the script contacts can be defined using environment variables or a configuration file.

### Groups

The script will create the following host groups:

> - container id
> - container name
> - container short id
> - image_name (image_<image name>)
> - docker_host
> - running
> - stopped

### Examples

You can run the script interactively from the command line or pass it as the inventory to a playbook. Here are few examples to get you started:

    # Connect to the Docker API on localhost port 4243 and format the JSON output
    DOCKER_HOST=tcp://localhost:4243 ./docker.py --pretty

    # Any container's ssh port exposed on 0.0.0.0 will be mapped to
    # another IP address (where Ansible will attempt to connect via SSH)
    DOCKER_DEFAULT_IP=192.0.2.5 ./docker.py --pretty

    # Run as input to a playbook:
    ansible-playbook -i ~/projects/ansible/contrib/inventory/docker.py docker_inventory_test.yml

    # Simple playbook to invoke with the above example:

        - name: Test docker_inventory
          hosts: all
          connection: local
          gather_facts: no
          tasks:
            - debug: msg="Container - {{ inventory_hostname }}"

### Configuration

You can control the behavior of the inventory script by defining environment variables, or creating a docker.yml file (sample provided in ansible/contrib/inventory). The order of precedence is the docker.yml file and then environment variables.

#### Environment Variables

To connect to a single Docker API the following variables can be defined in the environment to control the connection options. These are the same environment variables used by the Docker modules.

> DOCKER_HOST
>   The URL or Unix socket path used to connect to the Docker API. Defaults to unix://var/run/docker.sock.
> DOCKER_API_VERSION:
>   The version of the Docker API running on the Docker Host. Defaults to the latest version of the API supported by docker-py.
> DOCKER_TIMEOUT:
>   The maximum amount of time in seconds to wait on a response fromm the API. Defaults to 60 seconds.
> DOCKER_TLS:
>   Secure the connection to the API by using TLS without verifying the authenticity of the Docker host server. Defaults to False.
> DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY:
>   Secure the connection to the API by using TLS and verifying the authenticity of the Docker host server. Default is False
> DOCKER_TLS_HOSTNAME:
>   When verifying the authenticity of the Docker Host server, provide the expected name of the server. Defaults to localhost.
> DOCKER_CERT_PATH:
>   Path to the directory containing the client certificate, client key and CA certificate.
> DOCKER_SSL_VERSION:
>   Provide a valid SSL version number. Default value determined by docker-py, which at the time of this writing was 1.0

In addition to the connection variables there are a couple variables used to control the execution and output of the script:

> DOCKER_CONFIG_FILE
>   Path to the configuration file. Defaults to ./docker.yml.
> DOCKER_PRIVATE_SSH_PORT:
>   The private port (container port) on which SSH is listening for connections. Defaults to 22.
> DOCKER_DEFAULT_IP:
>   The IP address to assign to ansible_host when the container’s SSH port is mapped to interface ‘0.0.0.0’.

#### Configuration File

Using a configuration file provides a means for defining a set of Docker APIs from which to build an inventory.

The default name of the file is derived from the name of the inventory script. By default the script will look for basename of the script (i.e. docker) with an extension of ‘.yml’.

You can also override the default name of the script by defining DOCKER_CONFIG_FILE in the environment.

Here’s what you can define in docker_inventory.yml:

> defaults
>   Defines a default connection. Defaults will be taken from this and applied to any values not provided for a host defined in the hosts list.
> hosts
>   If you wish to get inventory from more than one Docker host, define a hosts list.

For the default host and each host in the hosts list define the following attributes:

    host:
        description: The URL or Unix socket path used to connect to the Docker API.
        required: yes

    tls:
       description: Connect using TLS without verifying the authenticity of the Docker host server.
       default: false
       required: false

    tls_verify:
       description: Connect using TLS without verifying the authenticity of the Docker host server.
       default: false
       required: false

    cert_path:
       description: Path to the client's TLS certificate file.
       default: null
       required: false

    cacert_path:
       description: Use a CA certificate when performing server verification by providing the path to a CA certificate file.
       default: null
       required: false

    key_path:
       description: Path to the client's TLS key file.
       default: null
       required: false

    version:
       description: The Docker API version.
       required: false
       default: will be supplied by the docker-py module.

    timeout:
       description: The amount of time in seconds to wait on an API response.
       required: false
       default: 60

    default_ip:
       description: The IP address to assign to ansible_host when the container's SSH port is mapped to interface
       '0.0.0.0'.
       required: false
       default: 127.0.0.1

    private_ssh_port:
       description: The port containers use for SSH
       required: false
       default: 22