OpenCV: Miscellaneous Image Transformations

| OpenCV 3.4.2 Open Source Computer Vision

Enumerations | Functions
Miscellaneous Image Transformations
Image processing

## Enumerations
enum | cv::AdaptiveThresholdTypes { cv::ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C = 0, cv::ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C = 1 }
enum | cv::ColorConversionCodes { cv::COLOR_BGR2BGRA = 0, cv::COLOR_RGB2RGBA = COLOR_BGR2BGRA, cv::COLOR_BGRA2BGR = 1, cv::COLOR_RGBA2RGB = COLOR_BGRA2BGR, cv::COLOR_BGR2RGBA = 2, cv::COLOR_RGB2BGRA = COLOR_BGR2RGBA, cv::COLOR_RGBA2BGR = 3, cv::COLOR_BGRA2RGB = COLOR_RGBA2BGR, cv::COLOR_BGR2RGB = 4, cv::COLOR_RGB2BGR = COLOR_BGR2RGB, cv::COLOR_BGRA2RGBA = 5, cv::COLOR_RGBA2BGRA = COLOR_BGRA2RGBA, cv::COLOR_BGR2GRAY = 6, cv::COLOR_RGB2GRAY = 7, cv::COLOR_GRAY2BGR = 8, cv::COLOR_GRAY2RGB = COLOR_GRAY2BGR, cv::COLOR_GRAY2BGRA = 9, cv::COLOR_GRAY2RGBA = COLOR_GRAY2BGRA, cv::COLOR_BGRA2GRAY = 10, cv::COLOR_RGBA2GRAY = 11, cv::COLOR_BGR2BGR565 = 12, cv::COLOR_RGB2BGR565 = 13, cv::COLOR_BGR5652BGR = 14, cv::COLOR_BGR5652RGB = 15, cv::COLOR_BGRA2BGR565 = 16, cv::COLOR_RGBA2BGR565 = 17, cv::COLOR_BGR5652BGRA = 18, cv::COLOR_BGR5652RGBA = 19, cv::COLOR_GRAY2BGR565 = 20, cv::COLOR_BGR5652GRAY = 21, cv::COLOR_BGR2BGR555 = 22, cv::COLOR_RGB2BGR555 = 23, cv::COLOR_BGR5552BGR = 24, cv::COLOR_BGR5552RGB = 25, cv::COLOR_BGRA2BGR555 = 26, cv::COLOR_RGBA2BGR555 = 27, cv::COLOR_BGR5552BGRA = 28, cv::COLOR_BGR5552RGBA = 29, cv::COLOR_GRAY2BGR555 = 30, cv::COLOR_BGR5552GRAY = 31, cv::COLOR_BGR2XYZ = 32, cv::COLOR_RGB2XYZ = 33, cv::COLOR_XYZ2BGR = 34, cv::COLOR_XYZ2RGB = 35, cv::COLOR_BGR2YCrCb = 36, cv::COLOR_RGB2YCrCb = 37, cv::COLOR_YCrCb2BGR = 38, cv::COLOR_YCrCb2RGB = 39, cv::COLOR_BGR2HSV = 40, cv::COLOR_RGB2HSV = 41, cv::COLOR_BGR2Lab = 44, cv::COLOR_RGB2Lab = 45, cv::COLOR_BGR2Luv = 50, cv::COLOR_RGB2Luv = 51, cv::COLOR_BGR2HLS = 52, cv::COLOR_RGB2HLS = 53, cv::COLOR_HSV2BGR = 54, cv::COLOR_HSV2RGB = 55, cv::COLOR_Lab2BGR = 56, cv::COLOR_Lab2RGB = 57, cv::COLOR_Luv2BGR = 58, cv::COLOR_Luv2RGB = 59, cv::COLOR_HLS2BGR = 60, cv::COLOR_HLS2RGB = 61, cv::COLOR_BGR2HSV_FULL = 66, cv::COLOR_RGB2HSV_FULL = 67, cv::COLOR_BGR2HLS_FULL = 68, cv::COLOR_RGB2HLS_FULL = 69, cv::COLOR_HSV2BGR_FULL = 70, cv::COLOR_HSV2RGB_FULL = 71, cv::COLOR_HLS2BGR_FULL = 72, cv::COLOR_HLS2RGB_FULL = 73, cv::COLOR_LBGR2Lab = 74, cv::COLOR_LRGB2Lab = 75, cv::COLOR_LBGR2Luv = 76, cv::COLOR_LRGB2Luv = 77, cv::COLOR_Lab2LBGR = 78, cv::COLOR_Lab2LRGB = 79, cv::COLOR_Luv2LBGR = 80, cv::COLOR_Luv2LRGB = 81, cv::COLOR_BGR2YUV = 82, cv::COLOR_RGB2YUV = 83, cv::COLOR_YUV2BGR = 84, cv::COLOR_YUV2RGB = 85, cv::COLOR_YUV2RGB_NV12 = 90, cv::COLOR_YUV2BGR_NV12 = 91, cv::COLOR_YUV2RGB_NV21 = 92, cv::COLOR_YUV2BGR_NV21 = 93, cv::COLOR_YUV420sp2RGB = COLOR_YUV2RGB_NV21, cv::COLOR_YUV420sp2BGR = COLOR_YUV2BGR_NV21, cv::COLOR_YUV2RGBA_NV12 = 94, cv::COLOR_YUV2BGRA_NV12 = 95, cv::COLOR_YUV2RGBA_NV21 = 96, cv::COLOR_YUV2BGRA_NV21 = 97, cv::COLOR_YUV420sp2RGBA = COLOR_YUV2RGBA_NV21, cv::COLOR_YUV420sp2BGRA = COLOR_YUV2BGRA_NV21, cv::COLOR_YUV2RGB_YV12 = 98, cv::COLOR_YUV2BGR_YV12 = 99, cv::COLOR_YUV2RGB_IYUV = 100, cv::COLOR_YUV2BGR_IYUV = 101, cv::COLOR_YUV2RGB_I420 = COLOR_YUV2RGB_IYUV, cv::COLOR_YUV2BGR_I420 = COLOR_YUV2BGR_IYUV, cv::COLOR_YUV420p2RGB = COLOR_YUV2RGB_YV12, cv::COLOR_YUV420p2BGR = COLOR_YUV2BGR_YV12, cv::COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YV12 = 102, cv::COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YV12 = 103, cv::COLOR_YUV2RGBA_IYUV = 104, cv::COLOR_YUV2BGRA_IYUV = 105, cv::COLOR_YUV2RGBA_I420 = COLOR_YUV2RGBA_IYUV, cv::COLOR_YUV2BGRA_I420 = COLOR_YUV2BGRA_IYUV, cv::COLOR_YUV420p2RGBA = COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YV12, cv::COLOR_YUV420p2BGRA = COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YV12, cv::COLOR_YUV2GRAY_420 = 106, cv::COLOR_YUV2GRAY_NV21 = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_420, cv::COLOR_YUV2GRAY_NV12 = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_420, cv::COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YV12 = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_420, cv::COLOR_YUV2GRAY_IYUV = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_420, cv::COLOR_YUV2GRAY_I420 = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_420, cv::COLOR_YUV420sp2GRAY = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_420, cv::COLOR_YUV420p2GRAY = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_420, cv::COLOR_YUV2RGB_UYVY = 107, cv::COLOR_YUV2BGR_UYVY = 108, cv::COLOR_YUV2RGB_Y422 = COLOR_YUV2RGB_UYVY, cv::COLOR_YUV2BGR_Y422 = COLOR_YUV2BGR_UYVY, cv::COLOR_YUV2RGB_UYNV = COLOR_YUV2RGB_UYVY, cv::COLOR_YUV2BGR_UYNV = COLOR_YUV2BGR_UYVY, cv::COLOR_YUV2RGBA_UYVY = 111, cv::COLOR_YUV2BGRA_UYVY = 112, cv::COLOR_YUV2RGBA_Y422 = COLOR_YUV2RGBA_UYVY, cv::COLOR_YUV2BGRA_Y422 = COLOR_YUV2BGRA_UYVY, cv::COLOR_YUV2RGBA_UYNV = COLOR_YUV2RGBA_UYVY, cv::COLOR_YUV2BGRA_UYNV = COLOR_YUV2BGRA_UYVY, cv::COLOR_YUV2RGB_YUY2 = 115, cv::COLOR_YUV2BGR_YUY2 = 116, cv::COLOR_YUV2RGB_YVYU = 117, cv::COLOR_YUV2BGR_YVYU = 118, cv::COLOR_YUV2RGB_YUYV = COLOR_YUV2RGB_YUY2, cv::COLOR_YUV2BGR_YUYV = COLOR_YUV2BGR_YUY2, cv::COLOR_YUV2RGB_YUNV = COLOR_YUV2RGB_YUY2, cv::COLOR_YUV2BGR_YUNV = COLOR_YUV2BGR_YUY2, cv::COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YUY2 = 119, cv::COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YUY2 = 120, cv::COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YVYU = 121, cv::COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YVYU = 122, cv::COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YUYV = COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YUY2, cv::COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YUYV = COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YUY2, cv::COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YUNV = COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YUY2, cv::COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YUNV = COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YUY2, cv::COLOR_YUV2GRAY_UYVY = 123, cv::COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YUY2 = 124, cv::COLOR_YUV2GRAY_Y422 = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_UYVY, cv::COLOR_YUV2GRAY_UYNV = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_UYVY, cv::COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YVYU = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YUY2, cv::COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YUYV = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YUY2, cv::COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YUNV = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YUY2, cv::COLOR_RGBA2mRGBA = 125, cv::COLOR_mRGBA2RGBA = 126, cv::COLOR_RGB2YUV_I420 = 127, cv::COLOR_BGR2YUV_I420 = 128, cv::COLOR_RGB2YUV_IYUV = COLOR_RGB2YUV_I420, cv::COLOR_BGR2YUV_IYUV = COLOR_BGR2YUV_I420, cv::COLOR_RGBA2YUV_I420 = 129, cv::COLOR_BGRA2YUV_I420 = 130, cv::COLOR_RGBA2YUV_IYUV = COLOR_RGBA2YUV_I420, cv::COLOR_BGRA2YUV_IYUV = COLOR_BGRA2YUV_I420, cv::COLOR_RGB2YUV_YV12 = 131, cv::COLOR_BGR2YUV_YV12 = 132, cv::COLOR_RGBA2YUV_YV12 = 133, cv::COLOR_BGRA2YUV_YV12 = 134, cv::COLOR_BayerBG2BGR = 46, cv::COLOR_BayerGB2BGR = 47, cv::COLOR_BayerRG2BGR = 48, cv::COLOR_BayerGR2BGR = 49, cv::COLOR_BayerBG2RGB = COLOR_BayerRG2BGR, cv::COLOR_BayerGB2RGB = COLOR_BayerGR2BGR, cv::COLOR_BayerRG2RGB = COLOR_BayerBG2BGR, cv::COLOR_BayerGR2RGB = COLOR_BayerGB2BGR, cv::COLOR_BayerBG2GRAY = 86, cv::COLOR_BayerGB2GRAY = 87, cv::COLOR_BayerRG2GRAY = 88, cv::COLOR_BayerGR2GRAY = 89, cv::COLOR_BayerBG2BGR_VNG = 62, cv::COLOR_BayerGB2BGR_VNG = 63, cv::COLOR_BayerRG2BGR_VNG = 64, cv::COLOR_BayerGR2BGR_VNG = 65, cv::COLOR_BayerBG2RGB_VNG = COLOR_BayerRG2BGR_VNG, cv::COLOR_BayerGB2RGB_VNG = COLOR_BayerGR2BGR_VNG, cv::COLOR_BayerRG2RGB_VNG = COLOR_BayerBG2BGR_VNG, cv::COLOR_BayerGR2RGB_VNG = COLOR_BayerGB2BGR_VNG, cv::COLOR_BayerBG2BGR_EA = 135, cv::COLOR_BayerGB2BGR_EA = 136, cv::COLOR_BayerRG2BGR_EA = 137, cv::COLOR_BayerGR2BGR_EA = 138, cv::COLOR_BayerBG2RGB_EA = COLOR_BayerRG2BGR_EA, cv::COLOR_BayerGB2RGB_EA = COLOR_BayerGR2BGR_EA, cv::COLOR_BayerRG2RGB_EA = COLOR_BayerBG2BGR_EA, cv::COLOR_BayerGR2RGB_EA = COLOR_BayerGB2BGR_EA, cv::COLOR_BayerBG2BGRA = 139, cv::COLOR_BayerGB2BGRA = 140, cv::COLOR_BayerRG2BGRA = 141, cv::COLOR_BayerGR2BGRA = 142, cv::COLOR_BayerBG2RGBA = COLOR_BayerRG2BGRA, cv::COLOR_BayerGB2RGBA = COLOR_BayerGR2BGRA, cv::COLOR_BayerRG2RGBA = COLOR_BayerBG2BGRA, cv::COLOR_BayerGR2RGBA = COLOR_BayerGB2BGRA, cv::COLOR_COLORCVT_MAX = 143 }
enum | cv::DistanceTransformLabelTypes { cv::DIST_LABEL_CCOMP = 0, cv::DIST_LABEL_PIXEL = 1 }
| distanceTransform algorithm flags More...
enum | cv::DistanceTransformMasks { cv::DIST_MASK_3 = 3, cv::DIST_MASK_5 = 5, cv::DIST_MASK_PRECISE = 0 }
| Mask size for distance transform. More...
enum | cv::DistanceTypes { cv::DIST_USER = -1, cv::DIST_L1 = 1, cv::DIST_L2 = 2, cv::DIST_C = 3, cv::DIST_L12 = 4, cv::DIST_FAIR = 5, cv::DIST_WELSCH = 6, cv::DIST_HUBER = 7 }
enum | cv::FloodFillFlags { cv::FLOODFILL_FIXED_RANGE = 1 << 16, cv::FLOODFILL_MASK_ONLY = 1 << 17 }
| floodfill algorithm flags More...
enum | cv::GrabCutClasses { cv::GC_BGD = 0, cv::GC_FGD = 1, cv::GC_PR_BGD = 2, cv::GC_PR_FGD = 3 }
| class of the pixel in GrabCut algorithm More...
enum | cv::GrabCutModes { cv::GC_INIT_WITH_RECT = 0, cv::GC_INIT_WITH_MASK = 1, cv::GC_EVAL = 2, cv::GC_EVAL_FREEZE_MODEL = 3 }
| GrabCut algorithm flags. More...
enum | cv::ThresholdTypes { cv::THRESH_BINARY = 0, cv::THRESH_BINARY_INV = 1, cv::THRESH_TRUNC = 2, cv::THRESH_TOZERO = 3, cv::THRESH_TOZERO_INV = 4, cv::THRESH_MASK = 7, cv::THRESH_OTSU = 8, cv::THRESH_TRIANGLE = 16 }
enum | cv::UndistortTypes { cv::PROJ_SPHERICAL_ORTHO = 0, cv::PROJ_SPHERICAL_EQRECT = 1 }
| cv::undistort mode More...

## Functions
void | cv::adaptiveThreshold (InputArray src, OutputArray dst, double maxValue, int adaptiveMethod, int thresholdType, int blockSize, double C)
| Applies an adaptive threshold to an array. More...
void | cv::cvtColor (InputArray src, OutputArray dst, int code, int dstCn=0)
| Converts an image from one color space to another. More...
void | cv::cvtColorTwoPlane (InputArray src1, InputArray src2, OutputArray dst, int code)
void | cv::distanceTransform (InputArray src, OutputArray dst, OutputArray labels, int distanceType, int maskSize, int labelType=DIST_LABEL_CCOMP)
| Calculates the distance to the closest zero pixel for each pixel of the source image. More...
void | cv::distanceTransform (InputArray src, OutputArray dst, int distanceType, int maskSize, int dstType=CV_32F)
int | cv::floodFill (InputOutputArray image, Point seedPoint, Scalar newVal, Rect *rect=0, Scalar loDiff=Scalar(), Scalar upDiff=Scalar(), int flags=4)
int | cv::floodFill (InputOutputArray image, InputOutputArray mask, Point seedPoint, Scalar newVal, Rect *rect=0, Scalar loDiff=Scalar(), Scalar upDiff=Scalar(), int flags=4)
| Fills a connected component with the given color. More...
void | cv::grabCut (InputArray img, InputOutputArray mask, Rect rect, InputOutputArray bgdModel, InputOutputArray fgdModel, int iterCount, int mode=GC_EVAL)
| Runs the GrabCut algorithm. More...
void | cv::integral (InputArray src, OutputArray sum, int sdepth=-1)
void | cv::integral (InputArray src, OutputArray sum, OutputArray sqsum, int sdepth=-1, int sqdepth=-1)
void | cv::integral (InputArray src, OutputArray sum, OutputArray sqsum, OutputArray tilted, int sdepth=-1, int sqdepth=-1)
| Calculates the integral of an image. More...
double | cv::threshold (InputArray src, OutputArray dst, double thresh, double maxval, int type)
| Applies a fixed-level threshold to each array element. More...
void | cv::watershed (InputArray image, InputOutputArray markers)
| Performs a marker-based image segmentation using the watershed algorithm. More...

## Detailed Description

## Enumeration Type Documentation

## ◆ AdaptiveThresholdTypes

enum cv::AdaptiveThresholdTypes

adaptive threshold algorithm

See also
  adaptiveThreshold

Enumerator
ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C | the threshold value \(T(x,y)\) is a mean of the \(\texttt{blockSize} \times \texttt{blockSize}\) neighborhood of \((x, y)\) minus C
ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C | the threshold value \(T(x, y)\) is a weighted sum (cross-correlation with a Gaussian window) of the \(\texttt{blockSize} \times \texttt{blockSize}\) neighborhood of \((x, y)\) minus C . The default sigma (standard deviation) is used for the specified blockSize . See getGaussianKernel

## ◆ ColorConversionCodes

enum cv::ColorConversionCodes

the color conversion code

See also
  Color conversions

Enumerator
COLOR_BGR2BGRA | add alpha channel to RGB or BGR image
COLOR_RGB2RGBA |
COLOR_BGRA2BGR | remove alpha channel from RGB or BGR image
COLOR_RGBA2RGB |
COLOR_BGR2RGBA | convert between RGB and BGR color spaces (with or without alpha channel)
COLOR_RGB2BGRA |
COLOR_RGBA2BGR |
COLOR_BGRA2RGB |
COLOR_BGR2RGB |
COLOR_RGB2BGR |
COLOR_BGRA2RGBA |
COLOR_RGBA2BGRA |
COLOR_BGR2GRAY | convert between RGB/BGR and grayscale, color conversions
COLOR_RGB2GRAY |
COLOR_GRAY2BGR |
COLOR_GRAY2RGB |
COLOR_GRAY2BGRA |
COLOR_GRAY2RGBA |
COLOR_BGRA2GRAY |
COLOR_RGBA2GRAY |
COLOR_BGR2BGR565 | convert between RGB/BGR and BGR565 (16-bit images)
COLOR_RGB2BGR565 |
COLOR_BGR5652BGR |
COLOR_BGR5652RGB |
COLOR_BGRA2BGR565 |
COLOR_RGBA2BGR565 |
COLOR_BGR5652BGRA |
COLOR_BGR5652RGBA |
COLOR_GRAY2BGR565 | convert between grayscale to BGR565 (16-bit images)
COLOR_BGR5652GRAY |
COLOR_BGR2BGR555 | convert between RGB/BGR and BGR555 (16-bit images)
COLOR_RGB2BGR555 |
COLOR_BGR5552BGR |
COLOR_BGR5552RGB |
COLOR_BGRA2BGR555 |
COLOR_RGBA2BGR555 |
COLOR_BGR5552BGRA |
COLOR_BGR5552RGBA |
COLOR_GRAY2BGR555 | convert between grayscale and BGR555 (16-bit images)
COLOR_BGR5552GRAY |
COLOR_BGR2XYZ | convert RGB/BGR to CIE XYZ, color conversions
COLOR_RGB2XYZ |
COLOR_XYZ2BGR |
COLOR_XYZ2RGB |
COLOR_BGR2YCrCb | convert RGB/BGR to luma-chroma (aka YCC), color conversions
COLOR_RGB2YCrCb |
COLOR_YCrCb2BGR |
COLOR_YCrCb2RGB |
COLOR_BGR2HSV | convert RGB/BGR to HSV (hue saturation value), color conversions
COLOR_RGB2HSV |
COLOR_BGR2Lab | convert RGB/BGR to CIE Lab, color conversions
COLOR_RGB2Lab |
COLOR_BGR2Luv | convert RGB/BGR to CIE Luv, color conversions
COLOR_RGB2Luv |
COLOR_BGR2HLS | convert RGB/BGR to HLS (hue lightness saturation), color conversions
COLOR_RGB2HLS |
COLOR_HSV2BGR | backward conversions to RGB/BGR
COLOR_HSV2RGB |
COLOR_Lab2BGR |
COLOR_Lab2RGB |
COLOR_Luv2BGR |
COLOR_Luv2RGB |
COLOR_HLS2BGR |
COLOR_HLS2RGB |
COLOR_BGR2HSV_FULL |
COLOR_RGB2HSV_FULL |
COLOR_BGR2HLS_FULL |
COLOR_RGB2HLS_FULL |
COLOR_HSV2BGR_FULL |
COLOR_HSV2RGB_FULL |
COLOR_HLS2BGR_FULL |
COLOR_HLS2RGB_FULL |
COLOR_LBGR2Lab |
COLOR_LRGB2Lab |
COLOR_LBGR2Luv |
COLOR_LRGB2Luv |
COLOR_Lab2LBGR |
COLOR_Lab2LRGB |
COLOR_Luv2LBGR |
COLOR_Luv2LRGB |
COLOR_BGR2YUV | convert between RGB/BGR and YUV
COLOR_RGB2YUV |
COLOR_YUV2BGR |
COLOR_YUV2RGB |
COLOR_YUV2RGB_NV12 | YUV 4:2:0 family to RGB.
COLOR_YUV2BGR_NV12 |
COLOR_YUV2RGB_NV21 |
COLOR_YUV2BGR_NV21 |
COLOR_YUV420sp2RGB |
COLOR_YUV420sp2BGR |
COLOR_YUV2RGBA_NV12 |
COLOR_YUV2BGRA_NV12 |
COLOR_YUV2RGBA_NV21 |
COLOR_YUV2BGRA_NV21 |
COLOR_YUV420sp2RGBA |
COLOR_YUV420sp2BGRA |
COLOR_YUV2RGB_YV12 |
COLOR_YUV2BGR_YV12 |
COLOR_YUV2RGB_IYUV |
COLOR_YUV2BGR_IYUV |
COLOR_YUV2RGB_I420 |
COLOR_YUV2BGR_I420 |
COLOR_YUV420p2RGB |
COLOR_YUV420p2BGR |
COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YV12 |
COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YV12 |
COLOR_YUV2RGBA_IYUV |
COLOR_YUV2BGRA_IYUV |
COLOR_YUV2RGBA_I420 |
COLOR_YUV2BGRA_I420 |
COLOR_YUV420p2RGBA |
COLOR_YUV420p2BGRA |
COLOR_YUV2GRAY_420 |
COLOR_YUV2GRAY_NV21 |
COLOR_YUV2GRAY_NV12 |
COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YV12 |
COLOR_YUV2GRAY_IYUV |
COLOR_YUV2GRAY_I420 |
COLOR_YUV420sp2GRAY |
COLOR_YUV420p2GRAY |
COLOR_YUV2RGB_UYVY | YUV 4:2:2 family to RGB.
COLOR_YUV2BGR_UYVY |
COLOR_YUV2RGB_Y422 |
COLOR_YUV2BGR_Y422 |
COLOR_YUV2RGB_UYNV |
COLOR_YUV2BGR_UYNV |
COLOR_YUV2RGBA_UYVY |
COLOR_YUV2BGRA_UYVY |
COLOR_YUV2RGBA_Y422 |
COLOR_YUV2BGRA_Y422 |
COLOR_YUV2RGBA_UYNV |
COLOR_YUV2BGRA_UYNV |
COLOR_YUV2RGB_YUY2 |
COLOR_YUV2BGR_YUY2 |
COLOR_YUV2RGB_YVYU |
COLOR_YUV2BGR_YVYU |
COLOR_YUV2RGB_YUYV |
COLOR_YUV2BGR_YUYV |
COLOR_YUV2RGB_YUNV |
COLOR_YUV2BGR_YUNV |
COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YUY2 |
COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YUY2 |
COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YVYU |
COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YVYU |
COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YUYV |
COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YUYV |
COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YUNV |
COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YUNV |
COLOR_YUV2GRAY_UYVY |
COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YUY2 |
COLOR_YUV2GRAY_Y422 |
COLOR_YUV2GRAY_UYNV |
COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YVYU |
COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YUYV |
COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YUNV |
COLOR_RGBA2mRGBA | alpha premultiplication
COLOR_mRGBA2RGBA |
COLOR_RGB2YUV_I420 | RGB to YUV 4:2:0 family.
COLOR_BGR2YUV_I420 |
COLOR_RGB2YUV_IYUV |
COLOR_BGR2YUV_IYUV |
COLOR_RGBA2YUV_I420 |
COLOR_BGRA2YUV_I420 |
COLOR_RGBA2YUV_IYUV |
COLOR_BGRA2YUV_IYUV |
COLOR_RGB2YUV_YV12 |
COLOR_BGR2YUV_YV12 |
COLOR_RGBA2YUV_YV12 |
COLOR_BGRA2YUV_YV12 |
COLOR_BayerBG2BGR | Demosaicing.
COLOR_BayerGB2BGR |
COLOR_BayerRG2BGR |
COLOR_BayerGR2BGR |
COLOR_BayerBG2RGB |
COLOR_BayerGB2RGB |
COLOR_BayerRG2RGB |
COLOR_BayerGR2RGB |
COLOR_BayerBG2GRAY |
COLOR_BayerGB2GRAY |
COLOR_BayerRG2GRAY |
COLOR_BayerGR2GRAY |
COLOR_BayerBG2BGR_VNG | Demosaicing using Variable Number of Gradients.
COLOR_BayerGB2BGR_VNG |
COLOR_BayerRG2BGR_VNG |
COLOR_BayerGR2BGR_VNG |
COLOR_BayerBG2RGB_VNG |
COLOR_BayerGB2RGB_VNG |
COLOR_BayerRG2RGB_VNG |
COLOR_BayerGR2RGB_VNG |
COLOR_BayerBG2BGR_EA | Edge-Aware Demosaicing.
COLOR_BayerGB2BGR_EA |
COLOR_BayerRG2BGR_EA |
COLOR_BayerGR2BGR_EA |
COLOR_BayerBG2RGB_EA |
COLOR_BayerGB2RGB_EA |
COLOR_BayerRG2RGB_EA |
COLOR_BayerGR2RGB_EA |
COLOR_BayerBG2BGRA | Demosaicing with alpha channel.
COLOR_BayerGB2BGRA |
COLOR_BayerRG2BGRA |
COLOR_BayerGR2BGRA |
COLOR_BayerBG2RGBA |
COLOR_BayerGB2RGBA |
COLOR_BayerRG2RGBA |
COLOR_BayerGR2RGBA |
COLOR_COLORCVT_MAX |

## ◆ DistanceTransformLabelTypes

enum cv::DistanceTransformLabelTypes

distanceTransform algorithm flags

Enumerator
DIST_LABEL_CCOMP | each connected component of zeros in src (as well as all the non-zero pixels closest to the connected component) will be assigned the same label
DIST_LABEL_PIXEL | each zero pixel (and all the non-zero pixels closest to it) gets its own label.

## ◆ DistanceTransformMasks

enum cv::DistanceTransformMasks

Mask size for distance transform.

Enumerator
DIST_MASK_3 | mask=3
DIST_MASK_5 | mask=5
DIST_MASK_PRECISE |

## ◆ DistanceTypes

enum cv::DistanceTypes

Distance types for Distance Transform and M-estimators

See also
  distanceTransform, fitLine

Enumerator
DIST_USER | User defined distance.
DIST_L1 | distance = |x1-x2| + |y1-y2|
DIST_L2 | the simple euclidean distance
DIST_C | distance = max(|x1-x2|,|y1-y2|)
DIST_L12 | L1-L2 metric: distance = 2(sqrt(1+x*x/2) - 1))
DIST_FAIR | distance = c^2(|x|/c-log(1+|x|/c)), c = 1.3998
DIST_WELSCH | distance = c^2/2(1-exp(-(x/c)^2)), c = 2.9846
DIST_HUBER | distance = |x|<c ? x^2/2 : c(|x|-c/2), c=1.345

## ◆ FloodFillFlags

enum cv::FloodFillFlags

floodfill algorithm flags

Enumerator
FLOODFILL_FIXED_RANGE | If set, the difference between the current pixel and seed pixel is considered. Otherwise, the difference between neighbor pixels is considered (that is, the range is floating).
FLOODFILL_MASK_ONLY | If set, the function does not change the image ( newVal is ignored), and only fills the mask with the value specified in bits 8-16 of flags as described above. This option only make sense in function variants that have the mask parameter.

## ◆ GrabCutClasses

enum cv::GrabCutClasses

class of the pixel in GrabCut algorithm

Enumerator
GC_BGD | an obvious background pixels
GC_FGD | an obvious foreground (object) pixel
GC_PR_BGD | a possible background pixel
GC_PR_FGD | a possible foreground pixel

## ◆ GrabCutModes

enum cv::GrabCutModes

GrabCut algorithm flags.

Enumerator
GC_INIT_WITH_RECT | The function initializes the state and the mask using the provided rectangle. After that it runs iterCount iterations of the algorithm.
GC_INIT_WITH_MASK | The function initializes the state using the provided mask. Note that GC_INIT_WITH_RECT and GC_INIT_WITH_MASK can be combined. Then, all the pixels outside of the ROI are automatically initialized with GC_BGD .
GC_EVAL | The value means that the algorithm should just resume.
GC_EVAL_FREEZE_MODEL | The value means that the algorithm should just run the grabCut algorithm (a single iteration) with the fixed model

## ◆ ThresholdTypes

enum cv::ThresholdTypes

type of the threshold operation

threshold types

Enumerator
THRESH_BINARY | \[\texttt{dst} (x,y) = \fork{\texttt{maxval}}{if \(\texttt{src}(x,y) > \texttt{thresh}\)}{0}{otherwise}\]
THRESH_BINARY_INV | \[\texttt{dst} (x,y) = \fork{0}{if \(\texttt{src}(x,y) > \texttt{thresh}\)}{\texttt{maxval}}{otherwise}\]
THRESH_TRUNC | \[\texttt{dst} (x,y) = \fork{\texttt{threshold}}{if \(\texttt{src}(x,y) > \texttt{thresh}\)}{\texttt{src}(x,y)}{otherwise}\]
THRESH_TOZERO | \[\texttt{dst} (x,y) = \fork{\texttt{src}(x,y)}{if \(\texttt{src}(x,y) > \texttt{thresh}\)}{0}{otherwise}\]
THRESH_TOZERO_INV | \[\texttt{dst} (x,y) = \fork{0}{if \(\texttt{src}(x,y) > \texttt{thresh}\)}{\texttt{src}(x,y)}{otherwise}\]
THRESH_MASK |
THRESH_OTSU | flag, use Otsu algorithm to choose the optimal threshold value
THRESH_TRIANGLE | flag, use Triangle algorithm to choose the optimal threshold value

## ◆ UndistortTypes

enum cv::UndistortTypes

cv::undistort mode

Enumerator
PROJ_SPHERICAL_ORTHO |
PROJ_SPHERICAL_EQRECT |

## Function Documentation

## ◆ adaptiveThreshold()

void cv::adaptiveThreshold | ( | InputArray | src,
|  | OutputArray | dst,
|  | double | maxValue,
|  | int | adaptiveMethod,
|  | int | thresholdType,
|  | int | blockSize,
|  | double | C
| ) |  |

Applies an adaptive threshold to an array.

The function transforms a grayscale image to a binary image according to the formulae:

- THRESH_BINARY

  \[dst(x,y) = \fork{\texttt{maxValue}}{if \(src(x,y) > T(x,y)\)}{0}{otherwise}\]

- THRESH_BINARY_INV

  \[dst(x,y) = \fork{0}{if \(src(x,y) > T(x,y)\)}{\texttt{maxValue}}{otherwise}\]

  where \(T(x,y)\) is a threshold calculated individually for each pixel (see adaptiveMethod parameter).

The function can process the image in-place.

Parameters

  src | Source 8-bit single-channel image.
  dst | Destination image of the same size and the same type as src.
  maxValue | Non-zero value assigned to the pixels for which the condition is satisfied
  adaptiveMethod | Adaptive thresholding algorithm to use, see AdaptiveThresholdTypes. The BORDER_REPLICATE | BORDER_ISOLATED is used to process boundaries.
  thresholdType | Thresholding type that must be either THRESH_BINARY or THRESH_BINARY_INV, see ThresholdTypes.
  blockSize | Size of a pixel neighborhood that is used to calculate a threshold value for the pixel: 3, 5, 7, and so on.
  C | Constant subtracted from the mean or weighted mean (see the details below). Normally, it is positive but may be zero or negative as well.

See also
  threshold, blur, GaussianBlur

## ◆ cvtColor()

void cv::cvtColor | ( | InputArray | src,
|  | OutputArray | dst,
|  | int | code,
|  | int | dstCn = `0`
| ) |  |

Converts an image from one color space to another.

The function converts an input image from one color space to another. In case of a transformation to-from RGB color space, the order of the channels should be specified explicitly (RGB or BGR). Note that the default color format in OpenCV is often referred to as RGB but it is actually BGR (the bytes are reversed). So the first byte in a standard (24-bit) color image will be an 8-bit Blue component, the second byte will be Green, and the third byte will be Red. The fourth, fifth, and sixth bytes would then be the second pixel (Blue, then Green, then Red), and so on.

The conventional ranges for R, G, and B channel values are:

- 0 to 255 for CV_8U images
- 0 to 65535 for CV_16U images
- 0 to 1 for CV_32F images

In case of linear transformations, the range does not matter. But in case of a non-linear transformation, an input RGB image should be normalized to the proper value range to get the correct results, for example, for RGB \(\rightarrow\) L*u*v* transformation. For example, if you have a 32-bit floating-point image directly converted from an 8-bit image without any scaling, then it will have the 0..255 value range instead of 0..1 assumed by the function. So, before calling cvtColor , you need first to scale the image down:

img *= 1./255;
cvtColor(img, img, COLOR_BGR2Luv);

If you use cvtColor with 8-bit images, the conversion will have some information lost. For many applications, this will not be noticeable but it is recommended to use 32-bit images in applications that need the full range of colors or that convert an image before an operation and then convert back.

If conversion adds the alpha channel, its value will set to the maximum of corresponding channel range: 255 for CV_8U, 65535 for CV_16U, 1 for CV_32F.

Parameters

  src | input image: 8-bit unsigned, 16-bit unsigned ( CV_16UC... ), or single-precision floating-point.
  dst | output image of the same size and depth as src.
  code | color space conversion code (see ColorConversionCodes).
  dstCn | number of channels in the destination image; if the parameter is 0, the number of the channels is derived automatically from src and code.

See also
  Color conversions

Examples:
  camshiftdemo.cpp, edge.cpp, facedetect.cpp, ffilldemo.cpp, hog.cpp, houghcircles.cpp, houghlines.cpp, lkdemo.cpp, Sobel_Demo.cpp, train_HOG.cpp, and watershed.cpp.

## ◆ cvtColorTwoPlane()

void cv::cvtColorTwoPlane | ( | InputArray | src1,
|  | InputArray | src2,
|  | OutputArray | dst,
|  | int | code
| ) |  |

## ◆ distanceTransform() [1/2]

void cv::distanceTransform | ( | InputArray | src,
|  | OutputArray | dst,
|  | OutputArray | labels,
|  | int | distanceType,
|  | int | maskSize,
|  | int | labelType = `DIST_LABEL_CCOMP`
| ) |  |

Calculates the distance to the closest zero pixel for each pixel of the source image.

The function cv::distanceTransform calculates the approximate or precise distance from every binary image pixel to the nearest zero pixel. For zero image pixels, the distance will obviously be zero.

When maskSize == DIST_MASK_PRECISE and distanceType == DIST_L2 , the function runs the algorithm described in [26] . This algorithm is parallelized with the TBB library.

In other cases, the algorithm [6] is used. This means that for a pixel the function finds the shortest path to the nearest zero pixel consisting of basic shifts: horizontal, vertical, diagonal, or knight's move (the latest is available for a \(5\times 5\) mask). The overall distance is calculated as a sum of these basic distances. Since the distance function should be symmetric, all of the horizontal and vertical shifts must have the same cost (denoted as a ), all the diagonal shifts must have the same cost (denoted as `b`), and all knight's moves must have the same cost (denoted as `c`). For the DIST_C and DIST_L1 types, the distance is calculated precisely, whereas for DIST_L2 (Euclidean distance) the distance can be calculated only with a relative error (a \(5\times 5\) mask gives more accurate results). For `a`,`b`, and `c`, OpenCV uses the values suggested in the original paper:

- DIST_L1: `a = 1, b = 2`
- DIST_L2:
  - `3 x 3`: `a=0.955, b=1.3693`
  - `5 x 5`: `a=1, b=1.4, c=2.1969`
- DIST_C: `a = 1, b = 1`

Typically, for a fast, coarse distance estimation DIST_L2, a \(3\times 3\) mask is used. For a more accurate distance estimation DIST_L2, a \(5\times 5\) mask or the precise algorithm is used. Note that both the precise and the approximate algorithms are linear on the number of pixels.

This variant of the function does not only compute the minimum distance for each pixel \((x, y)\) but also identifies the nearest connected component consisting of zero pixels (labelType==DIST_LABEL_CCOMP) or the nearest zero pixel (labelType==DIST_LABEL_PIXEL). Index of the component/pixel is stored in `labels(x, y)`. When labelType==DIST_LABEL_CCOMP, the function automatically finds connected components of zero pixels in the input image and marks them with distinct labels. When labelType==DIST_LABEL_CCOMP, the function scans through the input image and marks all the zero pixels with distinct labels.

In this mode, the complexity is still linear. That is, the function provides a very fast way to compute the Voronoi diagram for a binary image. Currently, the second variant can use only the approximate distance transform algorithm, i.e. maskSize=DIST_MASK_PRECISE is not supported yet.

Parameters

  src | 8-bit, single-channel (binary) source image.
  dst | Output image with calculated distances. It is a 8-bit or 32-bit floating-point, single-channel image of the same size as src.
  labels | Output 2D array of labels (the discrete Voronoi diagram). It has the type CV_32SC1 and the same size as src.
  distanceType | Type of distance, see DistanceTypes
  maskSize | Size of the distance transform mask, see DistanceTransformMasks. DIST_MASK_PRECISE is not supported by this variant. In case of the DIST_L1 or DIST_C distance type, the parameter is forced to 3 because a \(3\times 3\) mask gives the same result as \(5\times 5\) or any larger aperture.
  labelType | Type of the label array to build, see DistanceTransformLabelTypes.

Examples:
  distrans.cpp.

## ◆ distanceTransform() [2/2]

void cv::distanceTransform | ( | InputArray | src,
|  | OutputArray | dst,
|  | int | distanceType,
|  | int | maskSize,
|  | int | dstType = `CV_32F`
| ) |  |

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.

Parameters

  src | 8-bit, single-channel (binary) source image.
  dst | Output image with calculated distances. It is a 8-bit or 32-bit floating-point, single-channel image of the same size as src .
  distanceType | Type of distance, see DistanceTypes
  maskSize | Size of the distance transform mask, see DistanceTransformMasks. In case of the DIST_L1 or DIST_C distance type, the parameter is forced to 3 because a \(3\times 3\) mask gives the same result as \(5\times 5\) or any larger aperture.
  dstType | Type of output image. It can be CV_8U or CV_32F. Type CV_8U can be used only for the first variant of the function and distanceType == DIST_L1.

## ◆ floodFill() [1/2]

int cv::floodFill | ( | InputOutputArray | image,
|  | Point | seedPoint,
|  | Scalar | newVal,
|  | Rect * | rect = `0`,
|  | Scalar | loDiff = `Scalar()`,
|  | Scalar | upDiff = `Scalar()`,
|  | int | flags = `4`
| ) |  |

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.

variant without `mask` parameter

Examples:
  ffilldemo.cpp.

## ◆ floodFill() [2/2]

int cv::floodFill | ( | InputOutputArray | image,
|  | InputOutputArray | mask,
|  | Point | seedPoint,
|  | Scalar | newVal,
|  | Rect * | rect = `0`,
|  | Scalar | loDiff = `Scalar()`,
|  | Scalar | upDiff = `Scalar()`,
|  | int | flags = `4`
| ) |  |

Fills a connected component with the given color.

The function cv::floodFill fills a connected component starting from the seed point with the specified color. The connectivity is determined by the color/brightness closeness of the neighbor pixels. The pixel at \((x,y)\) is considered to belong to the repainted domain if:

- in case of a grayscale image and floating range

  \[\texttt{src} (x',y')- \texttt{loDiff} \leq \texttt{src} (x,y) \leq \texttt{src} (x',y')+ \texttt{upDiff}\]

- in case of a grayscale image and fixed range

  \[\texttt{src} ( \texttt{seedPoint} .x, \texttt{seedPoint} .y)- \texttt{loDiff} \leq \texttt{src} (x,y) \leq \texttt{src} ( \texttt{seedPoint} .x, \texttt{seedPoint} .y)+ \texttt{upDiff}\]

- in case of a color image and floating range

  \[\texttt{src} (x',y')_r- \texttt{loDiff} _r \leq \texttt{src} (x,y)_r \leq \texttt{src} (x',y')_r+ \texttt{upDiff} _r,\]

  \[\texttt{src} (x',y')_g- \texttt{loDiff} _g \leq \texttt{src} (x,y)_g \leq \texttt{src} (x',y')_g+ \texttt{upDiff} _g\]

  and

  \[\texttt{src} (x',y')_b- \texttt{loDiff} _b \leq \texttt{src} (x,y)_b \leq \texttt{src} (x',y')_b+ \texttt{upDiff} _b\]

- in case of a color image and fixed range

  \[\texttt{src} ( \texttt{seedPoint} .x, \texttt{seedPoint} .y)_r- \texttt{loDiff} _r \leq \texttt{src} (x,y)_r \leq \texttt{src} ( \texttt{seedPoint} .x, \texttt{seedPoint} .y)_r+ \texttt{upDiff} _r,\]

  \[\texttt{src} ( \texttt{seedPoint} .x, \texttt{seedPoint} .y)_g- \texttt{loDiff} _g \leq \texttt{src} (x,y)_g \leq \texttt{src} ( \texttt{seedPoint} .x, \texttt{seedPoint} .y)_g+ \texttt{upDiff} _g\]

  and

  \[\texttt{src} ( \texttt{seedPoint} .x, \texttt{seedPoint} .y)_b- \texttt{loDiff} _b \leq \texttt{src} (x,y)_b \leq \texttt{src} ( \texttt{seedPoint} .x, \texttt{seedPoint} .y)_b+ \texttt{upDiff} _b\]

where \(src(x',y')\) is the value of one of pixel neighbors that is already known to belong to the component. That is, to be added to the connected component, a color/brightness of the pixel should be close enough to:

- Color/brightness of one of its neighbors that already belong to the connected component in case of a floating range.
- Color/brightness of the seed point in case of a fixed range.

Use these functions to either mark a connected component with the specified color in-place, or build a mask and then extract the contour, or copy the region to another image, and so on.

Parameters

  image | Input/output 1- or 3-channel, 8-bit, or floating-point image. It is modified by the function unless the FLOODFILL_MASK_ONLY flag is set in the second variant of the function. See the details below.
  mask | Operation mask that should be a single-channel 8-bit image, 2 pixels wider and 2 pixels taller than image. Since this is both an input and output parameter, you must take responsibility of initializing it. Flood-filling cannot go across non-zero pixels in the input mask. For example, an edge detector output can be used as a mask to stop filling at edges. On output, pixels in the mask corresponding to filled pixels in the image are set to 1 or to the a value specified in flags as described below. Additionally, the function fills the border of the mask with ones to simplify internal processing. It is therefore possible to use the same mask in multiple calls to the function to make sure the filled areas do not overlap.
  seedPoint | Starting point.
  newVal | New value of the repainted domain pixels.
  loDiff | Maximal lower brightness/color difference between the currently observed pixel and one of its neighbors belonging to the component, or a seed pixel being added to the component.
  upDiff | Maximal upper brightness/color difference between the currently observed pixel and one of its neighbors belonging to the component, or a seed pixel being added to the component.
  rect | Optional output parameter set by the function to the minimum bounding rectangle of the repainted domain.
  flags | Operation flags. The first 8 bits contain a connectivity value. The default value of 4 means that only the four nearest neighbor pixels (those that share an edge) are considered. A connectivity value of 8 means that the eight nearest neighbor pixels (those that share a corner) will be considered. The next 8 bits (8-16) contain a value between 1 and 255 with which to fill the mask (the default value is 1). For example, 4 | ( 255 << 8 ) will consider 4 nearest neighbours and fill the mask with a value of 255. The following additional options occupy higher bits and therefore may be further combined with the connectivity and mask fill values using bit-wise or (|), see FloodFillFlags.

Note
  Since the mask is larger than the filled image, a pixel \((x, y)\) in image corresponds to the pixel \((x+1, y+1)\) in the mask .

See also
  findContours

## ◆ grabCut()

void cv::grabCut | ( | InputArray | img,
|  | InputOutputArray | mask,
|  | Rect | rect,
|  | InputOutputArray | bgdModel,
|  | InputOutputArray | fgdModel,
|  | int | iterCount,
|  | int | mode = `GC_EVAL`
| ) |  |

Runs the GrabCut algorithm.

The function implements the GrabCut image segmentation algorithm.

Parameters

  img | Input 8-bit 3-channel image.
  mask | Input/output 8-bit single-channel mask. The mask is initialized by the function when mode is set to GC_INIT_WITH_RECT. Its elements may have one of the GrabCutClasses.
  rect | ROI containing a segmented object. The pixels outside of the ROI are marked as "obvious background". The parameter is only used when mode==GC_INIT_WITH_RECT .
  bgdModel | Temporary array for the background model. Do not modify it while you are processing the same image.
  fgdModel | Temporary arrays for the foreground model. Do not modify it while you are processing the same image.
  iterCount | Number of iterations the algorithm should make before returning the result. Note that the result can be refined with further calls with mode==GC_INIT_WITH_MASK or mode==GC_EVAL .
  mode | Operation mode that could be one of the GrabCutModes

Examples:
  grabcut.cpp.

## ◆ integral() [1/3]

void cv::integral | ( | InputArray | src,
|  | OutputArray | sum,
|  | int | sdepth = `-1`
| ) |  |

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.

## ◆ integral() [2/3]

void cv::integral | ( | InputArray | src,
|  | OutputArray | sum,
|  | OutputArray | sqsum,
|  | int | sdepth = `-1`,
|  | int | sqdepth = `-1`
| ) |  |

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.

## ◆ integral() [3/3]

void cv::integral | ( | InputArray | src,
|  | OutputArray | sum,
|  | OutputArray | sqsum,
|  | OutputArray | tilted,
|  | int | sdepth = `-1`,
|  | int | sqdepth = `-1`
| ) |  |

Calculates the integral of an image.

The function calculates one or more integral images for the source image as follows:

\[\texttt{sum} (X,Y) = \sum _{x<X,y<Y} \texttt{image} (x,y)\]

\[\texttt{sqsum} (X,Y) = \sum _{x<X,y<Y} \texttt{image} (x,y)^2\]

\[\texttt{tilted} (X,Y) = \sum _{y<Y,abs(x-X+1) \leq Y-y-1} \texttt{image} (x,y)\]

Using these integral images, you can calculate sum, mean, and standard deviation over a specific up-right or rotated rectangular region of the image in a constant time, for example:

\[\sum _{x_1 \leq x < x_2, \, y_1 \leq y < y_2} \texttt{image} (x,y) = \texttt{sum} (x_2,y_2)- \texttt{sum} (x_1,y_2)- \texttt{sum} (x_2,y_1)+ \texttt{sum} (x_1,y_1)\]

It makes possible to do a fast blurring or fast block correlation with a variable window size, for example. In case of multi-channel images, sums for each channel are accumulated independently.

As a practical example, the next figure shows the calculation of the integral of a straight rectangle Rect(3,3,3,2) and of a tilted rectangle Rect(5,1,2,3) . The selected pixels in the original image are shown, as well as the relative pixels in the integral images sum and tilted .

integral calculation example

Parameters

  src | input image as \(W \times H\), 8-bit or floating-point (32f or 64f).
  sum | integral image as \((W+1)\times (H+1)\) , 32-bit integer or floating-point (32f or 64f).
  sqsum | integral image for squared pixel values; it is \((W+1)\times (H+1)\), double-precision floating-point (64f) array.
  tilted | integral for the image rotated by 45 degrees; it is \((W+1)\times (H+1)\) array with the same data type as sum.
  sdepth | desired depth of the integral and the tilted integral images, CV_32S, CV_32F, or CV_64F.
  sqdepth | desired depth of the integral image of squared pixel values, CV_32F or CV_64F.

## ◆ threshold()

double cv::threshold | ( | InputArray | src,
|  | OutputArray | dst,
|  | double | thresh,
|  | double | maxval,
|  | int | type
| ) |  |

Applies a fixed-level threshold to each array element.

The function applies fixed-level thresholding to a multiple-channel array. The function is typically used to get a bi-level (binary) image out of a grayscale image ( compare could be also used for this purpose) or for removing a noise, that is, filtering out pixels with too small or too large values. There are several types of thresholding supported by the function. They are determined by type parameter.

Also, the special values THRESH_OTSU or THRESH_TRIANGLE may be combined with one of the above values. In these cases, the function determines the optimal threshold value using the Otsu's or Triangle algorithm and uses it instead of the specified thresh.

Note
  Currently, the Otsu's and Triangle methods are implemented only for 8-bit single-channel images.

Parameters

  src | input array (multiple-channel, 8-bit or 32-bit floating point).
  dst | output array of the same size and type and the same number of channels as src.
  thresh | threshold value.
  maxval | maximum value to use with the THRESH_BINARY and THRESH_BINARY_INV thresholding types.
  type | thresholding type (see ThresholdTypes).

Returns
  the computed threshold value if Otsu's or Triangle methods used.

See also
  adaptiveThreshold, findContours, compare, min, max

Examples:
  ffilldemo.cpp.

## ◆ watershed()

void cv::watershed | ( | InputArray | image,
|  | InputOutputArray | markers
| ) |  |

Performs a marker-based image segmentation using the watershed algorithm.

The function implements one of the variants of watershed, non-parametric marker-based segmentation algorithm, described in [63] .

Before passing the image to the function, you have to roughly outline the desired regions in the image markers with positive (>0) indices. So, every region is represented as one or more connected components with the pixel values 1, 2, 3, and so on. Such markers can be retrieved from a binary mask using findContours and drawContours (see the watershed.cpp demo). The markers are "seeds" of the future image regions. All the other pixels in markers , whose relation to the outlined regions is not known and should be defined by the algorithm, should be set to 0's. In the function output, each pixel in markers is set to a value of the "seed" components or to -1 at boundaries between the regions.

Note
  Any two neighbor connected components are not necessarily separated by a watershed boundary (-1's pixels); for example, they can touch each other in the initial marker image passed to the function.

Parameters

  image | Input 8-bit 3-channel image.
  markers | Input/output 32-bit single-channel image (map) of markers. It should have the same size as image .

See also
  findContours

Examples:
  watershed.cpp.