Appendix: Influences - The Rust Reference

# Influences

Rust is not a particularly original language, with design elements coming from a wide range of sources. Some of these are listed below (including elements that have since been removed):

- SML, OCaml: algebraic data types, pattern matching, type inference, semicolon statement separation
- C++: references, RAII, smart pointers, move semantics, monomorphization, memory model
- ML Kit, Cyclone: region based memory management
- Haskell (GHC): typeclasses, type families
- Newsqueak, Alef, Limbo: channels, concurrency
- Erlang: message passing, thread failure, linked thread failure, lightweight concurrency
- Swift: optional bindings
- Scheme: hygienic macros
- C#: attributes
- Ruby: block syntax
- NIL, Hermes: typestate
- Unicode Annex #31: identifier and pattern syntax