%%
%% %CopyrightBegin%
%%
%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2006-2012. All Rights Reserved.
%%
%% Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
%% you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
%% You may obtain a copy of the License at
%%
%%     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
%%
%% Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
%% distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
%% WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
%% See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
%% limitations under the License.
%%
%% %CopyrightEnd%
%%
%% 
%% This is from chapter 3, Syntax Components, of RFC 3986: 
%% 
%% The generic URI syntax consists of a hierarchical sequence of
%% components referred to as the scheme, authority, path, query, and
%% fragment.
%% 
%%    URI         = scheme ":" hier-part [ "?" query ] [ "#" fragment ]
%% 
%%    hier-part   = "//" authority path-abempty
%%                   / path-absolute
%%                   / path-rootless
%%                   / path-empty
%% 
%%    The scheme and path components are required, though the path may be
%%    empty (no characters).  When authority is present, the path must
%%    either be empty or begin with a slash ("/") character.  When
%%    authority is not present, the path cannot begin with two slash
%%    characters ("//").  These restrictions result in five different ABNF
%%    rules for a path (Section 3.3), only one of which will match any
%%    given URI reference.
%% 
%%    The following are two example URIs and their component parts:
%% 
%%          foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose
%%          \_/   \______________/\_________/ \_________/ \__/
%%           |           |            |            |        |
%%        scheme     authority       path        query   fragment
%%           |   _____________________|__
%%          / \ /                        \
%%          urn:example:animal:ferret:nose
%% 
%%    scheme      = ALPHA *( ALPHA / DIGIT / "+" / "-" / "." )
%%    authority   = [ userinfo "@" ] host [ ":" port ]
%%    userinfo    = *( unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" )
%%    
%% 

-module(http_uri).

-export([parse/1, parse/2, 
	 scheme_defaults/0, 
	 encode/1, decode/1]).

-export_type([scheme/0, default_scheme_port_number/0]).


%%%=========================================================================
%%%  API
%%%=========================================================================

-type scheme() :: atom().
-type default_scheme_port_number() :: pos_integer().

-spec scheme_defaults() ->
    [{scheme(), default_scheme_port_number()}].

scheme_defaults() ->
    [{http,  80}, 
     {https, 443}, 
     {ftp,   21}, 
     {ssh,   22}, 
     {sftp,  22}, 
     {tftp,  69}].

parse(AbsURI) ->
    parse(AbsURI, []).

parse(AbsURI, Opts) ->
    case parse_scheme(AbsURI, Opts) of
	{error, Reason} ->
	    {error, Reason};
	{Scheme, DefaultPort, Rest} ->
	    case (catch parse_uri_rest(Scheme, DefaultPort, Rest, Opts)) of
                {ok, Result} ->
                    {ok, Result};
		{error, Reason} ->
		    {error, {Reason, Scheme, AbsURI}};
		_  ->
		    {error, {malformed_url, Scheme, AbsURI}}
	    end
    end.

reserved() ->
    sets:from_list([$;, $:, $@, $&, $=, $+, $,, $/, $?,
		    $#, $[, $], $<, $>, $\", ${, $}, $|,
			       $\\, $', $^, $%, $ ]).

encode(URI) ->
    Reserved = reserved(), 
    lists:append([uri_encode(Char, Reserved) || Char <- URI]).

decode(String) ->
    do_decode(String).

do_decode([$%,Hex1,Hex2|Rest]) ->
    [hex2dec(Hex1)*16+hex2dec(Hex2)|do_decode(Rest)];
do_decode([First|Rest]) ->
    [First|do_decode(Rest)];
do_decode([]) ->
    [].


%%%========================================================================
%%% Internal functions
%%%========================================================================

which_scheme_defaults(Opts) ->
    Key = scheme_defaults, 
    case lists:keysearch(Key, 1, Opts) of
	{value, {Key, SchemeDefaults}} ->
	    SchemeDefaults;
	false ->
	    scheme_defaults()
    end.

parse_scheme(AbsURI, Opts) ->
    case split_uri(AbsURI, ":", {error, no_scheme}, 1, 1) of
	{error, no_scheme} ->
	    {error, no_scheme};
	{SchemeStr, Rest} ->
	    case extract_scheme(SchemeStr, Opts) of
		{error, Error} ->
		    {error, Error};
		{ok, Scheme} ->
		    SchemeDefaults = which_scheme_defaults(Opts),
		    case lists:keysearch(Scheme, 1, SchemeDefaults) of
			{value, {Scheme, DefaultPort}} ->
			    {Scheme, DefaultPort, Rest};
			false ->
			    {Scheme, no_default_port, Rest}
		    end
	    end
    end.

extract_scheme(Str, Opts) ->
    case lists:keysearch(scheme_validation_fun, 1, Opts) of
	{value, {scheme_validation_fun, Fun}} when is_function(Fun) ->
	    case Fun(Str) of
		valid ->
		    {ok, list_to_atom(http_util:to_lower(Str))};
		{error, Error} ->
		    {error, Error}
	    end;
	_ ->
	    {ok, list_to_atom(http_util:to_lower(Str))}
    end.

parse_uri_rest(Scheme, DefaultPort, "//" ++ URIPart, Opts) ->
    {Authority, PathQueryFragment} =
        split_uri(URIPart, "[/?#]", {URIPart, ""}, 1, 0),
    {RawPath, QueryFragment} =
        split_uri(PathQueryFragment, "[?#]", {PathQueryFragment, ""}, 1, 0),
    {Query, Fragment} =
        split_uri(QueryFragment, "#", {QueryFragment, ""}, 1, 0),
    {UserInfo, HostPort} = split_uri(Authority, "@", {"", Authority}, 1, 1),
    {Host, Port}         = parse_host_port(Scheme, DefaultPort, HostPort, Opts),
    Path                 = path(RawPath),
    case lists:keyfind(fragment, 1, Opts) of
        {fragment, true} ->
            {ok, {Scheme, UserInfo, Host, Port, Path, Query, Fragment}};
        _ ->
            {ok, {Scheme, UserInfo, Host, Port, Path, Query}}
    end.


%% In this version of the function, we no longer need 
%% the Scheme argument, but just in case...
parse_host_port(_Scheme, DefaultPort, "[" ++ HostPort, Opts) -> %ipv6
    {Host, ColonPort} = split_uri(HostPort, "\\]", {HostPort, ""}, 1, 1),
    Host2 = maybe_ipv6_host_with_brackets(Host, Opts),
    {_, Port} = split_uri(ColonPort, ":", {"", DefaultPort}, 0, 1),
    {Host2, int_port(Port)};

parse_host_port(_Scheme, DefaultPort, HostPort, _Opts) ->
    {Host, Port} = split_uri(HostPort, ":", {HostPort, DefaultPort}, 1, 1),
    {Host, int_port(Port)}.

split_uri(UriPart, SplitChar, NoMatchResult, SkipLeft, SkipRight) ->
    case re:run(UriPart, SplitChar, [{capture, first}]) of
	{match, [{Match, _}]} ->
	    {string:substr(UriPart, 1, Match + 1 - SkipLeft),
	     string:substr(UriPart, Match + 1 + SkipRight, length(UriPart))};
	nomatch ->
	    NoMatchResult
    end.

maybe_ipv6_host_with_brackets(Host, Opts) ->
    case lists:keysearch(ipv6_host_with_brackets, 1, Opts) of
	{value, {ipv6_host_with_brackets, true}} ->
	    "[" ++ Host ++ "]";
	_ ->
	    Host
    end.


int_port(Port) when is_integer(Port) ->
    Port;
int_port(Port) when is_list(Port) ->
    list_to_integer(Port);
%% This is the case where no port was found and there was no default port
int_port(no_default_port) ->
    throw({error, no_default_port}).

path("") ->
    "/";
path(Path) ->
    Path.

uri_encode(Char, Reserved) ->
    case sets:is_element(Char, Reserved) of
	true ->
	    [ $% | http_util:integer_to_hexlist(Char)];
	false ->
	    [Char]
    end.

hex2dec(X) when (X>=$0) andalso (X=<$9) -> X-$0;
hex2dec(X) when (X>=$A) andalso (X=<$F) -> X-$A+10;
hex2dec(X) when (X>=$a) andalso (X=<$f) -> X-$a+10.
