Getting Started Programming with Qt Quick | Qt 5.13

Qt 5.13 | Getting Started Programming with Qt Quick

Qt 5.13.2 Reference Documentation

# Getting Started Programming with Qt Quick

A tutorial for Qt Quick based on an alarms application.

This tutorial shows how to develop a simple alarm application as an introduction to Qt Quick and Qt Quick Controls2.

This application is similar to the alarm application usually found on an Android phone. Its features let you enter, edit, or delete alarms. An alarm can trigger on a given date, and you can set it to repeat on a series of subsequent days.

The main screen shows the list of saved alarms:

The detail screen lets you edit or delete existing alarms:

The dialog screen is used for adding new alarms. It pops up when you click on the "+" RoundButton on the bottom of the main screen:

The source files are located in the qtdoc repository. You can either fetch the Qt 5 sources from the Qt Project, or install them as part of Qt 5. The application is also available in the example list of Qt Creator's Welcome mode.

#### Creating the Alarms Project

This section shows how to create the project in Qt Creator. It discusses the files generated automatically by Qt Creator, and the two files the programmer has to create in Qt Creator or some other editor. The latter two files are included with the source code for this tutorial.

#### Qt Creator

Setting up a new project in Qt Creator is aided by a wizard that guides you step-by-step through the project creation process. The wizard prompts you to enter the settings needed for that particular type of project and creates the project for you.

To create the Alarms project, select File > New File or Project > Application > Qt Quick Application - Empty > Choose. Type "alarms" in the Name field, and follow the instructions of the wizard.

The Qt Quick application wizard creates a project that contains the following source files:

Source file | Purpose
--- | ---
alarms.pro | The project file
main.cpp | The main C++ code file for the application.
qml.qrc | The resource file, which contains the names of the source files, except main.cpp and the project file.

The wizard generates the code in the main.cpp file below. This code block enables High DPI scaling and declares `app` and `engine`. The engine then loads our main QML file.

      int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      {
          QCoreApplication::setAttribute(Qt::AA_EnableHighDpiScaling);

          QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);

          QQmlApplicationEngine engine;
          engine.load(QUrl(QStringLiteral("qrc:/main.qml")));
          if (engine.rootObjects().isEmpty())
              return -1;

          return app.exec();
      }

#### Additional source files

Source file | Purpose
--- | ---
`qtquickcontrols2.conf` | Selects the `Material` style with the `Dark` theme.
`main.qml` | The QML code that links AlarmDialog.qml, AlarmModel.qml, AlarmDelegate.qml and TumblerDelegate.qml
`AlarmDialog.qml` | Defines the dialog for adding new alarms.
`AlarmDelegate.qml` | Defines the layout of the main screen of the app.
`AlarmModel.qml` | Defines the ListModel used for storing the alarms' data.
`TumblerDelegate.qml` | Defines the graphical layout of the Tumblers

##### `qtquickcontrols2.conf`

The following snippet shows how to set the `Dark` theme in the `Material` style:

      [Controls]
      Style=Material
      [Material]
      Theme=Dark
      Accent=Red

##### `main.qml`

`mainWindow`, an ApplicationWindow QML type, is the root item in this app.

      ApplicationWindow {
          id: window
          width: 400
          height: 500
          visible: true

The ListView `alarmListView` combines the data from `alarmModel` with the layout defined in `alarmDelegate`.

          ListView {
              id: alarmListView
              anchors.fill: parent
              model: AlarmModel {}
              delegate: AlarmDelegate {}
          }

New alarms can be added by clicking RoundButton `addAlarmButton`. Clicking it opens a Dialog screen `alarmDialog`.

          RoundButton {
              id: addAlarmButton
              text: "+"
              anchors.bottom: alarmListView.bottom
              anchors.bottomMargin: 8
              anchors.horizontalCenter: parent.horizontalCenter
              onClicked: alarmDialog.open()
          }

          AlarmDialog {
              id: alarmDialog
              x: Math.round((parent.width - width) / 2)
              y: Math.round((parent.height - height) / 2)
              alarmModel: alarmListView.model
          }

##### `AlarmDialog.qml`

This dialog screen has a RowLayout with a Tumbler each for hours and minutes, and another RowLayout with a Tumbler each for day, month, and year.

          contentItem: RowLayout {
              RowLayout {
                  id: rowTumbler

                  Tumbler {
                      id: hoursTumbler
                      model: 24
                      delegate: TumblerDelegate {
                          text: formatNumber(modelData)
                      }
                  }
                  Tumbler {
                      id: minutesTumbler
                      model: 60
                      delegate: TumblerDelegate {
                          text: formatNumber(modelData)
                      }
                  }
              }

              RowLayout {
                  id: datePicker

                  Layout.leftMargin: 20

                  property alias dayTumbler: dayTumbler
                  property alias monthTumbler: monthTumbler
                  property alias yearTumbler: yearTumbler

                  readonly property var days: [31, 29, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31]

                  Tumbler {
                      id: dayTumbler

                      function updateModel() {
                          // Populate the model with days of the month. For example: [0, ..., 30]
                          var previousIndex = dayTumbler.currentIndex
                          var array = []
                          var newDays = datePicker.days[monthTumbler.currentIndex]
                          for (var i = 1; i <= newDays; ++i)
                              array.push(i)
                          dayTumbler.model = array
                          dayTumbler.currentIndex = Math.min(newDays - 1, previousIndex)
                      }

                      Component.onCompleted: updateModel()

                      delegate: TumblerDelegate {
                          text: formatNumber(modelData)
                      }
                  }
                  Tumbler {
                      id: monthTumbler

                      onCurrentIndexChanged: dayTumbler.updateModel()

                      model: 12
                      delegate: TumblerDelegate {
                          text: window.locale.standaloneMonthName(modelData, Locale.ShortFormat)
                      }
                  }
                  Tumbler {
                      id: yearTumbler

                      // This array is populated with the next three years. For example: [2018, 2019, 2020]
                      readonly property var years: (function() {
                          var currentYear = new Date().getFullYear()
                          return [0, 1, 2].map(function(value) { return value + currentYear; })
                      })()

                      model: years
                      delegate: TumblerDelegate {
                          text: formatNumber(modelData)
                      }
                  }
              }
          }
      }

If you click on OK in the dialog, the entered data will be added to `alarmModel`:

          onAccepted: {
              alarmModel.append({
                  "hour": hoursTumbler.currentIndex,
                  "minute": minutesTumbler.currentIndex,
                  "day": dayTumbler.currentIndex + 1,
                  "month": monthTumbler.currentIndex + 1,
                  "year": yearTumbler.years[yearTumbler.currentIndex],
                  "activated": true,
                  "label": "",
                  "repeat": false,
                  "daysToRepeat": [
                      { "dayOfWeek": 0, "repeat": false },
                      { "dayOfWeek": 1, "repeat": false },
                      { "dayOfWeek": 2, "repeat": false },
                      { "dayOfWeek": 3, "repeat": false },
                      { "dayOfWeek": 4, "repeat": false },
                      { "dayOfWeek": 5, "repeat": false },
                      { "dayOfWeek": 6, "repeat": false }
                  ],
              })
          }
          onRejected: alarmDialog.close()

##### `AlarmDelegate.qml`

Each alarm in the main screen is an ItemDelegate. The ItemDelegate `root` contains all fields on the main screen and the detail screen. The detail screen's fields are only visible after an alarm has been clicked on, i.e. when `root.checked` is `true`.

      ItemDelegate {
          id: root
          width: parent.width
          checkable: true

          onClicked: ListView.view.currentIndex = index

          contentItem: ColumnLayout {
              spacing: 0

              RowLayout {
                  ColumnLayout {
                      id: dateColumn

                      readonly property date alarmDate: new Date(
                          model.year, model.month - 1, model.day, model.hour, model.minute)

                      Label {
                          id: timeLabel
                          font.pixelSize: Qt.application.font.pixelSize * 2
                          text: dateColumn.alarmDate.toLocaleTimeString(window.locale, Locale.ShortFormat)
                      }
                      RowLayout {
                          Label {
                              id: dateLabel
                              text: dateColumn.alarmDate.toLocaleDateString(window.locale, Locale.ShortFormat)
                          }
                          Label {
                              id: alarmAbout
                              text: "��� " + model.label
                              visible: model.label.length > 0 && !root.checked
                          }
                      }
                  }
                  Item {
                      Layout.fillWidth: true
                  }
                  Switch {
                      checked: model.activated
                      Layout.alignment: Qt.AlignTop
                      onClicked: model.activated = checked
                  }
              }
              CheckBox {
                  id: alarmRepeat
                  text: qsTr("Repeat")
                  checked: model.repeat
                  visible: root.checked
                  onToggled: model.repeat = checked
              }
              Flow {
                  visible: root.checked && model.repeat
                  Layout.fillWidth: true

                  Repeater {
                      id: dayRepeater
                      model: daysToRepeat
                      delegate: RoundButton {
                          text: Qt.locale().dayName(model.dayOfWeek, Locale.NarrowFormat)
                          flat: true
                          checked: model.repeat
                          checkable: true
                          Material.background: checked ? Material.accent : "transparent"
                          onToggled: model.repeat = checked
                      }
                  }
              }

              TextField {
                  id: alarmDescriptionTextField
                  placeholderText: qsTr("Enter description here")
                  cursorVisible: true
                  visible: root.checked
                  text: model.label
                  onTextEdited: model.label = text
              }
              Button {
                  id: deleteAlarmButton
                  text: qsTr("Delete")
                  width: 40
                  height: 40
                  visible: root.checked
                  onClicked: root.ListView.view.model.remove(root.ListView.view.currentIndex, 1)
              }
          }
      }

##### `AlarmModel.qml`

This QML file contains the definition of `alarmModel`, the ListModel that manages the alarm data.

It creates five ListElements with example alarms.

      import QtQuick 2.11

      // Populate the model with some sample data.
      ListModel {
          id: alarmModel

          ListElement {
              hour: 6
              minute: 0
              day: 2
              month: 8
              year: 2018
              activated: true
              label: "Wake up"
              repeat: true
              daysToRepeat: [
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 0; repeat: false },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 1; repeat: false },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 2; repeat: false },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 3; repeat: false },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 4; repeat: false },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 5; repeat: false },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 6; repeat: false }
              ]
          }
          ListElement {
              hour: 6
              minute: 0
              day: 3
              month: 8
              year: 2018
              activated: true
              label: "Wake up"
              repeat: true
              daysToRepeat: [
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 0; repeat: true },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 1; repeat: true },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 2; repeat: true },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 3; repeat: true },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 4; repeat: true },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 5; repeat: false },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 6; repeat: false }
              ]
          }
          ListElement {
              hour: 7
              minute: 0
              day: 3
              month: 8
              year: 2018
              activated: false
              label: "Exercise"
              repeat: true
              daysToRepeat: [
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 0; repeat: true },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 1; repeat: true },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 2; repeat: true },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 3; repeat: true },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 4; repeat: true },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 5; repeat: true },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 6; repeat: true }
              ]
          }
          ListElement {
              hour: 5
              minute: 15
              day: 1
              month: 9
              year: 2018
              activated: true
              label: ""
              repeat: false
              daysToRepeat: [
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 0; repeat: false },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 1; repeat: false },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 2; repeat: false },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 3; repeat: false },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 4; repeat: false },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 5; repeat: false },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 6; repeat: false }
              ]
          }
          ListElement {
              hour: 5
              minute: 45
              day: 3
              month: 9
              year: 2018
              activated: false
              label: ""
              repeat: false
              daysToRepeat: [
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 0; repeat: false },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 1; repeat: false },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 2; repeat: false },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 3; repeat: false },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 4; repeat: false },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 5; repeat: false },
                  ListElement { dayOfWeek: 6; repeat: false }
              ]
          }
      }

##### TumblerDelegate.qml

TumblerDelegate defines the graphical properties of the Tumblers.

      import QtQuick 2.11
      import QtQuick.Controls 2.4
      import QtQuick.Controls.Material 2.4

      Text {
          text: modelData
          color: Tumbler.tumbler.Material.foreground
          font: Tumbler.tumbler.font
          opacity: 1.0 - Math.abs(Tumbler.displacement) / (Tumbler.tumbler.visibleItemCount / 2)
          horizontalAlignment: Text.AlignHCenter
          verticalAlignment: Text.AlignVCenter
      }

#### Entering new alarms

At the bottom of the startup screen, you can see a Button for adding alarms. Click it to open the Add new alarm dialog.

          RoundButton {
              id: addAlarmButton
              text: "+"
              anchors.bottom: alarmListView.bottom
              anchors.bottomMargin: 8
              anchors.horizontalCenter: parent.horizontalCenter
              onClicked: alarmDialog.open()
          }

The dialog for new alarms:

All fields are entered using Tumbler QML types. If you press `OK`, the values selected in the Tumblers are written to `alarmModel`.

          contentItem: RowLayout {
              RowLayout {
                  id: rowTumbler

                  Tumbler {
                      id: hoursTumbler
                      model: 24
                      delegate: TumblerDelegate {
                          text: formatNumber(modelData)
                      }
                  }
                  Tumbler {
                      id: minutesTumbler
                      model: 60
                      delegate: TumblerDelegate {
                          text: formatNumber(modelData)
                      }
                  }
              }

              RowLayout {
                  id: datePicker

                  Layout.leftMargin: 20

                  property alias dayTumbler: dayTumbler
                  property alias monthTumbler: monthTumbler
                  property alias yearTumbler: yearTumbler

                  readonly property var days: [31, 29, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31]

                  Tumbler {
                      id: dayTumbler

                      function updateModel() {
                          // Populate the model with days of the month. For example: [0, ..., 30]
                          var previousIndex = dayTumbler.currentIndex
                          var array = []
                          var newDays = datePicker.days[monthTumbler.currentIndex]
                          for (var i = 1; i <= newDays; ++i)
                              array.push(i)
                          dayTumbler.model = array
                          dayTumbler.currentIndex = Math.min(newDays - 1, previousIndex)
                      }

                      Component.onCompleted: updateModel()

                      delegate: TumblerDelegate {
                          text: formatNumber(modelData)
                      }
                  }
                  Tumbler {
                      id: monthTumbler

                      onCurrentIndexChanged: dayTumbler.updateModel()

                      model: 12
                      delegate: TumblerDelegate {
                          text: window.locale.standaloneMonthName(modelData, Locale.ShortFormat)
                      }
                  }
                  Tumbler {
                      id: yearTumbler

                      // This array is populated with the next three years. For example: [2018, 2019, 2020]
                      readonly property var years: (function() {
                          var currentYear = new Date().getFullYear()
                          return [0, 1, 2].map(function(value) { return value + currentYear; })
                      })()

                      model: years
                      delegate: TumblerDelegate {
                          text: formatNumber(modelData)
                      }
                  }
              }
          }
      }

#### Editing alarms

If you click on a particular alarm, you can edit it in the detail screen.

Clicking on an alarm sets `root.checked` to `true`, which makes visible the fields of the detail screen.

      visible: root.checked

If you want the alarm to trigger also on other days, check `alarmRepeat`. The Repeater will display a checkable RoundButton for each day of the week.

              Flow {
                  visible: root.checked && model.repeat
                  Layout.fillWidth: true

                  Repeater {
                      id: dayRepeater
                      model: daysToRepeat
                      delegate: RoundButton {
                          text: Qt.locale().dayName(model.dayOfWeek, Locale.NarrowFormat)
                          flat: true
                          checked: model.repeat
                          checkable: true
                          Material.background: checked ? Material.accent : "transparent"
                          onToggled: model.repeat = checked
                      }
                  }
              }

If you modify the description of the alarm, it will be reflected in the main screen afterwards.

              TextField {
                  id: alarmDescriptionTextField
                  placeholderText: qsTr("Enter description here")
                  cursorVisible: true
                  visible: root.checked
                  text: model.label
                  onTextEdited: model.label = text
              }

#### Deleting alarms

The detail screen (see above) has a Button for deleting alarms. When `onClicked` is emitted, the current ListElement is deleted from `alarmModel`.

              Button {
                  id: deleteAlarmButton
                  text: qsTr("Delete")
                  width: 40
                  height: 40
                  visible: root.checked
                  onClicked: root.ListView.view.model.remove(root.ListView.view.currentIndex, 1)
              }

##### Summary

The app has no code for adding sound or vibration to the alarm, nor does it store the alarms in any format or database. Maybe it could be an interesting coding project to add those features. Adding sound to this program can be realized with Qt Multimedia QML Types. Storing the data could be done quickly and easily in JSON format.

Files:

- tutorials/alarms/AlarmDelegate.qml
- tutorials/alarms/AlarmDialog.qml
- tutorials/alarms/AlarmModel.qml
- tutorials/alarms/TumblerDelegate.qml
- tutorials/alarms/alarms.pro
- tutorials/alarms/main.cpp
- tutorials/alarms/main.qml
- tutorials/alarms/qml.qrc

See also Qt Multimedia QML Types and JSON Support in Qt.