BUNDLE-UPDATE(1)					      BUNDLE-UPDATE(1)



1mNAME0m
       1mbundle-update 22m- Update your gems to the latest available versions

1mSYNOPSIS0m
       1mbundle  update  4m22m*gems24m [--group=NAME] [--source=NAME] [--local] [--ruby]
       [--bundler[=VERSION]] [--full-index] [--jobs=JOBS] [--quiet]  [--force]
       [--patch|--minor|--major] [--strict] [--conservative]

1mDESCRIPTION0m
       Update  the  gems specified (all gems, if none are specified), ignoring
       the previously installed gems specified in the  1mGemfile.lock22m.  In  gen-
       eral, you should use bundle install(1) 4mbundle-install.1.html24m to install
       the same exact gems and versions across machines.

       You would use 1mbundle update 22mto explicitly update the version of a gem.

1mOPTIONS0m
       1m--group=<name>0m
	      Only update the gems in the specified group. For	instance,  you
	      can  update all gems in the development group with 1mbundle update0m
	      1m--group development22m. You  can  also	call  1mbundle	update	rails0m
	      1m--group  test  22mto  update the rails gem and all gems in the test
	      group, for example.

       1m--source=<name>0m
	      The name of a 1m:git 22mor 1m:path 22msource used in the	Gemfile(5).  For
	      instance,        with	   a	    1m:git	 22msource	 of
	      1mhttp://github.com/rails/rails.git22m, you would call 1mbundle  update0m
	      1m--source rails0m

       1m--local0m
	      Do  not  attempt	to  fetch  gems remotely and use the gem cache
	      instead.

       1m--ruby 22mUpdate the locked version of Ruby  to  the  current	version  of
	      Ruby.

       1m--bundler0m
	      Update the locked version of bundler to the invoked bundler ver-
	      sion.

       1m--full-index0m
	      Fall back to using the single-file index of all gems.

       1m--jobs=[<number>]0m
	      Specify the number of jobs to run in parallel. The default is 1m122m.

       1m--retry=[<number>]0m
	      Retry failed network or git requests for 4mnumber24m times.

       1m--quiet0m
	      Only output warnings and errors.

       1m--force0m
	      Force downloading every gem.

       1m--patch0m
	      Prefer updating only to next patch version.

       1m--minor0m
	      Prefer updating only to next minor version.

       1m--major0m
	      Prefer updating to next major version (default).

       1m--strict0m
	      Do not allow any gem to be updated past latest 1m--patch 22m| 1m--minor0m
	      | 1m--major22m.

       1m--conservative0m
	      Use bundle install conservative update behavior and do not allow
	      shared dependencies to be updated.

1mUPDATING ALL GEMS0m
       If you run 1mbundle update 22mwith no parameters, bundler  will	ignore	any
       previously  installed  gems and resolve all dependencies again based on
       the latest versions of all gems available in the sources.

       Consider the following Gemfile(5):



	   source "https://rubygems.org"

	   gem "rails", "3.0.0.rc"
	   gem "nokogiri"



       When you run bundle install(1) 4mbundle-install.1.html24m  the  first  time,
       bundler	will  resolve  all  of the dependencies, all the way down, and
       install what you need:



	   Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.........
	   Resolving dependencies...
	   Installing builder 2.1.2
	   Installing abstract 1.0.0
	   Installing rack 1.2.8
	   Using bundler 1.7.6
	   Installing rake 10.4.0
	   Installing polyglot 0.3.5
	   Installing mime-types 1.25.1
	   Installing i18n 0.4.2
	   Installing mini_portile 0.6.1
	   Installing tzinfo 0.3.42
	   Installing rack-mount 0.6.14
	   Installing rack-test 0.5.7
	   Installing treetop 1.4.15
	   Installing thor 0.14.6
	   Installing activesupport 3.0.0.rc
	   Installing erubis 2.6.6
	   Installing activemodel 3.0.0.rc
	   Installing arel 0.4.0
	   Installing mail 2.2.20
	   Installing activeresource 3.0.0.rc
	   Installing actionpack 3.0.0.rc
	   Installing activerecord 3.0.0.rc
	   Installing actionmailer 3.0.0.rc
	   Installing railties 3.0.0.rc
	   Installing rails 3.0.0.rc
	   Installing nokogiri 1.6.5

	   Bundle complete! 2 Gemfile dependencies, 26 gems total.
	   Use `bundle show [gemname]` to see where a bundled gem is installed.



       As you can see, even though you have two gems in the  Gemfile(5),  your
       application  needs 26 different gems in order to run. Bundler remembers
       the exact versions it installed in 1mGemfile.lock22m. The next time you	run
       bundle  install(1)  4mbundle-install.1.html24m, bundler skips the dependency
       resolution and installs the same gems as it installed last time.

       After checking in the 1mGemfile.lock 22minto version control and cloning  it
       on  another  machine,  running  bundle install(1) 4mbundle-install.1.html0m
       will 4mstill24m install the gems that you installed  last  time.  You  don't
       need to worry that a new release of 1merubis 22mor 1mmail 22mchanges the gems you
       use.

       However, from time to time, you might want to update the gems  you  are
       using  to  the  newest  versions that still match the gems in your Gem-
       file(5).

       To do this, run 1mbundle update22m, which will ignore the 1mGemfile.lock22m,  and
       resolve	all the dependencies again. Keep in mind that this process can
       result in a significantly different set of the 25 gems,	based  on  the
       requirements  of  new gems that the gem authors released since the last
       time you ran 1mbundle update22m.

1mUPDATING A LIST OF GEMS0m
       Sometimes, you want to update a single gem in the Gemfile(5), and leave
       the  rest  of the gems that you specified locked to the versions in the
       1mGemfile.lock22m.

       For instance, in the scenario above,  imagine  that  1mnokogiri	22mreleases
       version 1m1.4.422m, and you want to update it 4mwithout24m updating Rails and all
       of its dependencies. To do this, run 1mbundle update nokogiri22m.

       Bundler will update 1mnokogiri 22mand any of  its  dependencies,  but  leave
       alone Rails and its dependencies.

1mOVERLAPPING DEPENDENCIES0m
       Sometimes,  multiple  gems declared in your Gemfile(5) are satisfied by
       the same second-level dependency. For instance, consider  the  case  of
       1mthin 22mand 1mrack-perftools-profiler22m.



	   source "https://rubygems.org"

	   gem "thin"
	   gem "rack-perftools-profiler"



       The  1mthin  22mgem  depends  on  1mrack >= 1.022m, while 1mrack-perftools-profiler0m
       depends on 1mrack ~> 1.022m. If you run bundle install, you get:



	   Fetching source index for https://rubygems.org/
	   Installing daemons (1.1.0)
	   Installing eventmachine (0.12.10) with native extensions
	   Installing open4 (1.0.1)
	   Installing perftools.rb (0.4.7) with native extensions
	   Installing rack (1.2.1)
	   Installing rack-perftools_profiler (0.0.2)
	   Installing thin (1.2.7) with native extensions
	   Using bundler (1.0.0.rc.3)



       In this case, the two gems have their own set of dependencies, but they
       share  1mrack  22min  common.  If  you  run 1mbundle update thin22m, bundler will
       update 1mdaemons22m, 1meventmachine 22mand 1mrack22m, which are dependencies of	1mthin22m,
       but   not   1mopen4   22mor   1mperftools.rb22m,   which   are	dependencies  of
       1mrack-perftools_profiler22m. Note that 1mbundle update thin 22mwill update  1mrack0m
       even though it's 4malso24m a dependency of 1mrack-perftools_profiler22m.

       In  short,  by  default,  when  you  update  a gem using 1mbundle update22m,
       bundler will update all dependencies of that gem, including those  that
       are also dependencies of another gem.

       To prevent updating shared dependencies, prior to version 1.14 the only
       option was the 1mCONSERVATIVE UPDATING 22mbehavior in bundle install(1) 4mbun-0m
       4mdle-install.1.html24m:

       In this scenario, updating the 1mthin 22mversion manually in the Gemfile(5),
       and then running  bundle  install(1)  4mbundle-install.1.html24m  will  only
       update  1mdaemons  22mand  1meventmachine22m, but not 1mrack22m. For more information,
       see  the  1mCONSERVATIVE  UPDATING  22msection  of  bundle  install(1)  4mbun-0m
       4mdle-install.1.html24m.

       Starting with 1.14, specifying the 1m--conservative 22moption will also pre-
       vent shared dependencies from being updated.

1mPATCH LEVEL OPTIONS0m
       Version 1.14 introduced 4 patch-level options that will	influence  how
       gem  versions  are  resolved. One of the following options can be used:
       1m--patch22m, 1m--minor 22mor 1m--major22m. 1m--strict 22mcan be added to further influence
       resolution.

       1m--patch0m
	      Prefer updating only to next patch version.

       1m--minor0m
	      Prefer updating only to next minor version.

       1m--major0m
	      Prefer updating to next major version (default).

       1m--strict0m
	      Do not allow any gem to be updated past latest 1m--patch 22m| 1m--minor0m
	      | 1m--major22m.

       When Bundler is resolving what versions	to  use  to  satisfy  declared
       requirements  in  the Gemfile or in parent gems, it looks up all avail-
       able versions, filters out any versions that don't satisfy the require-
       ment, and then, by default, sorts them from newest to oldest, consider-
       ing them in that order.

       Providing one of the patch level options  (e.g.	1m--patch22m)  changes	the
       sort  order of the satisfying versions, causing Bundler to consider the
       latest 1m--patch 22mor 1m--minor 22mversion available before other versions. Note
       that versions outside the stated patch level could still be resolved to
       if necessary to find a suitable dependency graph.

       For example, if gem 'foo' is locked at 1.0.2, with no  gem  requirement
       defined	in the Gemfile, and versions 1.0.3, 1.0.4, 1.1.0, 1.1.1, 2.0.0
       all exist, the default order of preference by default (1m--major22m) will be
       "2.0.0, 1.1.1, 1.1.0, 1.0.4, 1.0.3, 1.0.2".

       If  the	1m--patch 22moption is used, the order of preference will change to
       "1.0.4, 1.0.3, 1.0.2, 1.1.1, 1.1.0, 2.0.0".

       If the 1m--minor 22moption is used, the order of preference will  change  to
       "1.1.1, 1.1.0, 1.0.4, 1.0.3, 1.0.2, 2.0.0".

       Combining  the 1m--strict 22moption with any of the patch level options will
       remove any versions beyond the scope of	the  patch  level  option,  to
       ensure that no gem is updated that far.

       To  continue the previous example, if both 1m--patch 22mand 1m--strict 22moptions
       are used, the available versions for resolution would be "1.0.4, 1.0.3,
       1.0.2".	If  1m--minor  22mand 1m--strict 22mare used, it would be "1.1.1, 1.1.0,
       1.0.4, 1.0.3, 1.0.2".

       Gem requirements as defined in the Gemfile  will  still	be  the  first
       determining factor for what versions are available. If the gem require-
       ment for 1mfoo 22min the Gemfile is '~> 1.0', that will accomplish the  same
       thing as providing the 1m--minor 22mand 1m--strict 22moptions.

1mPATCH LEVEL EXAMPLES0m
       Given the following gem specifications:



	   foo 1.4.3, requires: ~> bar 2.0
	   foo 1.4.4, requires: ~> bar 2.0
	   foo 1.4.5, requires: ~> bar 2.1
	   foo 1.5.0, requires: ~> bar 2.1
	   foo 1.5.1, requires: ~> bar 3.0
	   bar with versions 2.0.3, 2.0.4, 2.1.0, 2.1.1, 3.0.0



       Gemfile:



	   gem 'foo'



       Gemfile.lock:



	   foo (1.4.3)
	     bar (~> 2.0)
	   bar (2.0.3)



       Cases:



	   #  Command Line		       Result
	   ------------------------------------------------------------
	   1  bundle update --patch	       'foo 1.4.5', 'bar 2.1.1'
	   2  bundle update --patch foo        'foo 1.4.5', 'bar 2.1.1'
	   3  bundle update --minor	       'foo 1.5.1', 'bar 3.0.0'
	   4  bundle update --minor --strict   'foo 1.5.0', 'bar 2.1.1'
	   5  bundle update --patch --strict   'foo 1.4.4', 'bar 2.0.4'



       In  case 1, bar is upgraded to 2.1.1, a minor version increase, because
       the dependency from foo 1.4.5 required it.

       In case 2, only foo is requested  to  be  unlocked,  but  bar  is  also
       allowed to move because it's not a declared dependency in the Gemfile.

       In  case 3, bar goes up a whole major release, because a minor increase
       is preferred now for foo, and when it goes to 1.5.1, it requires  3.0.0
       of bar.

       In case 4, foo is preferred up to a minor version, but 1.5.1 won't work
       because the --strict flag removes bar 3.0.0  from  consideration  since
       it's a major increment.

       In  case 5, both foo and bar have any minor or major increments removed
       from consideration because of the --strict flag, so the most  they  can
       move is up to 1.4.4 and 2.0.4.

1mRECOMMENDED WORKFLOW0m
       In  general, when working with an application managed with bundler, you
       should use the following workflow:

       o   After you create your Gemfile(5) for the first time, run

	   $ bundle install

       o   Check the resulting 1mGemfile.lock 22minto version control

	   $ git add Gemfile.lock

       o   When checking out this repository on another  development  machine,
	   run

	   $ bundle install

       o   When checking out this repository on a deployment machine, run

	   $ bundle install --deployment

       o   After  changing  the  Gemfile(5)  to reflect a new or update depen-
	   dency, run

	   $ bundle install

       o   Make sure to check the updated 1mGemfile.lock 22minto version control

	   $ git add Gemfile.lock

       o   If bundle install(1) 4mbundle-install.1.html24m reports a conflict, man-
	   ually update the specific gems that you changed in the Gemfile(5)

	   $ bundle update rails thin

       o   If  you want to update all the gems to the latest possible versions
	   that still match the gems listed in the Gemfile(5), run

	   $ bundle update






				   May 2017		      BUNDLE-UPDATE(1)
