import struct

from copy import deepcopy
from inspect import isclass
from StringIO import StringIO

import vstruct.primitives as vs_prims

def isVstructType(x):
    return isinstance(x, vs_prims.v_base)

class VStruct(vs_prims.v_base):
    '''
    The VStruct class is the bases for all groups of primitive fields which
    define a "structure".
    Fields may be added with vsAddField() or simply added as attributes
    (provided you use a VStruct or one of the vstruct.primitives in the
    initial assignment.)

    Example:
        import vstruct
        from vstruct.primitives import *

        vs = vstruct.VStruct()
        vs.fieldone = v_uint32()
        vs.fieldtwo = v_str(size=30)

        bytes = vs.vsEmit()

    '''
    def __init__(self):
        # A tiny bit of evil...
        object.__setattr__(self, '_vs_values', {})
        vs_prims.v_base.__init__(self)
        self._vs_name = self.__class__.__name__
        self._vs_fields = []
        self._vs_field_align = False # To toggle visual studio style packing
        self._vs_padnum = 0
        self._vs_pcallbacks = {}
        self._vs_fastfields = None

    def __mul__(self, x):
        # build a list of instances of this vstruct
        return [ deepcopy(self) for i in xrange(x) ]

    def vsAddParseCallback(self, fieldname, callback):
        '''
        Register a callback which will be triggered when the field with the
        given name is set by the parser.  This can be used to simplify
        auto-parsing to change fields sizes or whatnot during parsing.

        (You may also name a method pcb_<FieldName> to get a callback for your
        struct.)

        Example:

            def updateLengthTarget(vs):
                dostuff()

            v.vsAddParseCallback('lenfield', updateLengthTarget)
        '''
        if self._vs_values.get(fieldname) == None:
            raise Exception('Invalid Field: %s' % fieldname)

        cblist = self._vs_pcallbacks.get(fieldname)
        if cblist == None:
            cblist = []
            self._vs_pcallbacks[fieldname] = cblist

        cblist.append(callback)

    def vsGetClassPath(self):
        '''
        Return the entire class name (including module path).
        '''
        return '%s.%s' % (self.__module__, self._vs_name)

    def _vsFireCallbacks(self, fname):
        callback = getattr(self, 'pcb_%s' % fname, None)
        if callback != None:
            callback()
        cblist = self._vs_pcallbacks.get(fname)
        if cblist != None:
            for callback in cblist:
                callback(self)

    @classmethod
    def vsFromFd(cls, fd, fast=True):
        v = cls()
        v.vsParseFd(fd,fast=fast)
        return v

    def vsParseFd(self, fd, fast=False):
        '''
        Parse from the given file like object as input.
        '''
        if fast:
            b = fd.read( len(self) )
            self.vsParse(b,fast=True)
            return

        for fname in self._vs_fields:
            fobj = self._vs_values.get(fname)
            fobj.vsParseFd(fd)
            self._vsFireCallbacks(fname)

    def _vsInitFastFields(self):
        fields = self.vsGetFastParseFields()
        self._vs_fastfields = fields
        fmt = ''.join([ f._vs_fmt for f in fields ])
        endian = '<'
        if fmt.find('>') != -1:
            endian = '>'
        # Strip all in-band endian specifiers
        fmt = fmt.replace('<','')
        fmt = fmt.replace('>','')

        self._vs_fastfmt = endian + fmt
        self._vs_fastlen = struct.calcsize( self._vs_fastfmt )

    def vsParse(self, sbytes, offset=0, fast=False):
        """
        For all the primitives contained within, allow them
        an opportunity to parse the given data and return the
        total offset...

        Any method named pcb_<FieldName> will be called back when the specified
        field is set by the parser.

        the "fast" option enables fastparse which will *not* call any callbacks
        can may not be compatible with some structure defs.  ( eg mixed endian )
        """
        if fast:
            if self._vs_fastfields == None:
                self._vsInitFastFields()
            values = struct.unpack_from( self._vs_fastfmt, sbytes, offset )
            # Ephemeral list comprehension for speed
            [ self._vs_fastfields[i].vsSetValue( values[i] ) for i in xrange(len(values)) ]
            return offset + self._vs_fastlen

        # In order for callbacks to change fields, we can't use vsGetFields()
        for fname in self._vs_fields:
            fobj = self._vs_values.get(fname)
            offset = fobj.vsParse(sbytes, offset=offset)
            self._vsFireCallbacks(fname)
        return offset

    def vsGetFastParseFields(self):
        fields = []
        for fname in self._vs_fields:
            fobj = self._vs_values.get(fname)
            if fobj.vsIsPrim():
                fields.append( fobj )
                continue
            fields.extend( fobj.vsGetFastParseFields() )
        return fields

    def vsEmit(self, fast=False):
        """
        Get back the byte sequence associated with this structure.
        """
        if fast:
            if self._vs_fastfields == None:
                self._vsInitFastFields()
            ffvals = [ ff.vsGetValue() for ff in self._vs_fastfields ]
            return struct.pack(self._vs_fastfmt, *ffvals)

        ret = ''
        for fname, fobj in self.vsGetFields():
            ret += fobj.vsEmit()
        return ret

    def vsCalculate(self):
        '''
        Calculate fields which need correction before emitting bytes etc...

        (VStruct extenders may call this, then modify fields internally)
        '''
        for fname, fobj in self.vsGetFields():
            fobj.vsCalculate()

    def vsIsPrim(self):
        return False

    def vsGetFields(self):
        '''
        Get a list of (fieldname, fieldobj) tuples for all the kids
        in this VStruct (non-recursive)

        Example:
                for kidname, kidobj in x.vsGetFields():
                    print(kidname)
        '''
        # This yield generator allows field list changes
        # during iteration...
        i = 0
        while i < len(self._vs_fields):
            fname = self._vs_fields[i]
            fobj = self._vs_values.get(fname)
            yield fname,fobj
            i += 1

    def vsGetField(self, name):
        x = self._vs_values.get(name)
        if x == None:
            raise Exception("Invalid field: %s" % name)
        return x

    def vsHasField(self, name):
        '''
        Test whether this structure contains a field with the
        given name....

        Example:
            if x.vsHasField('woot'):
                print 'STRUCT HAS WOOT FIELD!'
        '''
        return self._vs_values.get(name) != None

    def vsSetField(self, name, value):
        '''
        Mostly for internal use...
        '''
        if isVstructType(value):
            self._vs_values[name] = value
            return
        x = self._vs_values.get(name)
        return x.vsSetValue(value)

    # FIXME implement more arithmetic for structs...
    def __ixor__(self, other):
        for name,value in other._vs_values.items():
            self._vs_values[name] ^= value
        return self

    def vsClearFields(self):
        '''
        Clear all fields from the current vstruct object.  This may be useful
        in specialized parsers which populate their structure on vsParse()
        '''
        self.__init__()

    def vsGetFirstPrim(self):
        fname = self._vs_fields[0]
        field = self._vs_values.get(fname)
        if not field.vsIsPrim():
            return field.vsGetFirstPrim()
        return field

    def vsAddField(self, name, value):
        if not isVstructType(value):
            raise Exception('Added fields MUST be vstruct types!')

        # Do optional field alignment...
        if self._vs_field_align:

            # If it's a primitive, all is well, if not, pad to size of
            # the first element of the VStruct/VArray...
            if value.vsIsPrim():
                align = value._vs_align
                if align == None:
                    align = len(value)
            else:
                field = value.vsGetFirstPrim()
                align = field._vs_align
                if align == None:
                    align = len(field)

            delta = len(self) % align
            if delta != 0:
                pname = "_pad%d" % self._vs_padnum
                self._vs_padnum += 1
                self._vs_fields.append(pname)
                self._vs_values[pname] = vs_prims.v_bytes(align-delta)

        self._vs_fields.append(name)
        self._vs_values[name] = value

    def vsDelField(self, name):
        '''
        Remove a field from the VStruct definition
        '''
        field = self._vs_values.pop(name,None)
        if field == None:
            raise Exception('Invalid Field Name: %s' % name)
        self._vs_fields.remove(name)

    def vsInsertField(self, name, value, befname):
        '''
        WARNING: vsInsertField does NOT honor field alignment! # FIXME
        (AND CAN MESS UP OTHER FIELDS ALIGNMENT!)
        '''
        if not isVstructType(value):
            raise Exception("Added fields MUST be vstruct types!")

        idx = self._vs_fields.index(befname)
        self._vs_fields.insert(idx, name)
        self._vs_values[name] = value

    def vsGetPrims(self):
        """
        return an order'd list of the primitive fields in this
        structure definition.  This is recursive and will return
        the sub fields of all nested structures.
        """
        ret = []
        for name, field in self.vsGetFields():
            if field.vsIsPrim():
                ret.append(field)
            else:
                ret.extend(field.vsGetPrims())

        return ret

    def vsGetTypeName(self):
        return self._vs_name

    def vsGetOffset(self, name, offset=0):
        """
        Return the offset of a member (by name).  This is recursive and will 
        descend into nested structures to return the offset of a sub field.
        """
        nameparts = name.split('.')
        namedepth = len(nameparts) - 1
        depth = 0
        for fname,field in self.vsGetFields():
            if nameparts[depth] == fname:
                if depth == namedepth:
                    return offset
                depth += 1
                return field.vsGetOffset('.'.join(nameparts[depth:]), offset=offset)
            offset += len(field)
        raise Exception("Invalid Field Specified!")

    def vsGetFieldByOffset(self, offset, names=None, coffset=0):
        '''
        Return a tuple of (name, field) for the field at the specified offset.
        '''
        nparts = names
        if nparts == None:
            nparts = []

        off = coffset
        for fname, field in self.vsGetFields():
            flen = len(field)

            if offset < off or offset >= off + flen:
                off += flen
                continue

            nparts.append(fname)

            if isinstance(field, VStruct):
                return field.vsGetFieldByOffset(offset, names=nparts, coffset=off)

            break

        if len(nparts) == 0:
            raise Exception('Invalid Offset Specified!')

        return '.'.join(nparts), field

    def vsGetPrintInfo(self, offset=0, indent=0, top=True):
        ret = []
        if top:
            ret.append((offset, indent, self._vs_name, self))
        off = offset
        indent += 1
        for fname in self._vs_fields:
            x = self._vs_values.get(fname)
            #off = offset + self.vsGetOffset(fname)
            if isinstance(x, VStruct):
                ret.append((off, indent, fname, x))
                ret.extend(x.vsGetPrintInfo(offset=off, indent=indent, top=False))
            else:
                ret.append((off, indent, fname, x))
            off += len(x)
        # returns (offset, indent, fieldname, field_instance)
        return ret

    def __len__(self):
        ret = 0
        for fname, fobj in self.vsGetFields():
            ret += len(fobj)
        return ret

    def __getattr__(self, name):
        # Gotta do this for pickle issues...
        vsvals = self.__dict__.get("_vs_values")
        if vsvals == None:
            vsvals = {}
            self.__dict__["_vs_values"] = vsvals
        r = vsvals.get(name)
        if r is None:
            raise AttributeError(name)
        if isinstance(r, vs_prims.v_prim):
            return r.vsGetValue()
        return r

    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
        # If we have this field, asign to it
        x = self._vs_values.get(name, None)
        if x != None:
            return self.vsSetField(name, value)

        # If it's a vstruct type, create a new field
        if isVstructType(value):
            return self.vsAddField(name, value)

        # Fail over to standard object attribute behavior
        return object.__setattr__(self, name, value)

    def __iter__(self):
        # Our iteration returns name,field pairs
        ret = [ (name, self._vs_values.get(name)) for name in self._vs_fields ]
        return iter(ret)

    def __repr__(self):
        return self._vs_name

    def __getitem__(self, name):
        return self.vsGetField(name)

    def __setitem__(self, name, valu):
        return self.vsSetField(name,valu)

    def tree(self, va=0, reprmax=None):
        ret = ""
        for off, indent, name, field in self.vsGetPrintInfo():
            rstr = repr(field) #field.vsGetTypeName()
            if isinstance(field, vs_prims.v_number):
                if field.vsGetEnum() is not None:
                    rstr = '%s (0x%.8x)' % (str(field), field.vsGetValue())
                else:
                    val = field.vsGetValue()
                    rstr = '0x%.8x (%d)' % (val,val)
            elif isinstance(field, vs_prims.v_prim):
                rstr = repr(field)
            if reprmax != None and len(rstr) > reprmax:
                rstr = rstr[:reprmax] + '...'
            ret += "%.8x (%.2d)%s %s: %s\n" % (va+off, len(field), " "*(indent*2), name, rstr)
        return ret

class VArray(VStruct):

    def __init__(self, elems=()):
        VStruct.__init__(self)
        for e in elems:
            self.vsAddElement(e)

    def vsAddElement(self, elem):
        """
        Used to add elements to an array
        """
        idx = len(self._vs_fields)
        self.vsAddField("%d" % idx, elem)

    def vsAddElements(self, count, eclass):
        for i in xrange( count ):
            self.vsAddElement( eclass() )

    def __getitem__(self, index):
        return self.vsGetField("%d" % index)

    #FIXME slice asignment

class VUnion(VStruct):

    def vsEmit(self):
        raise Exception('VUnion is only for parse right now!')

    def vsParse(self, sbytes, offset=0):
        """
        For all the primitives contained within, allow them
        an opportunity to parse the given data and return the
        total offset...

        Any method named pcb_<FieldName> will be called back when the specified
        field is set by the parser.
        
        """
        ret = offset
        for fname,fobj in self.vsGetFields():
            ret = max(offset, fobj.vsParse(sbytes, offset=offset))
            callback = getattr(self, 'pcb_%s' % fname, None)
            if callback != None:
                callback()
            cblist = self._vs_pcallbacks.get(fname)
            if cblist != None:
                for callback in cblist:
                    callback(self)
        return ret

    def __len__(self):
        ret = 0
        for fname, fobj in self.vsGetFields():
            ret = max(ret, len(fobj))
        return ret

    def vsGetPrintInfo(self, offset=0, indent=0, top=True):
        ret = []
        if top:
            ret.append((offset, indent, self._vs_name, self))
        indent += 1
        for fname in self._vs_fields:
            x = self._vs_values.get(fname)
            if isinstance(x, VStruct):
                ret.append((offset, indent, fname, x))
                ret.extend(x.vsGetPrintInfo(offset=offset, indent=indent, top=False))
            else:
                ret.append((offset, indent, fname, x))
        return ret

def resolve(impmod, nameparts):
    """
    Resolve the given (potentially nested) object
    from within a module.
    """
    if not nameparts:
        return None

    m = impmod
    for nname in nameparts:
        m = getattr(m, nname, None)
        if m == None:
            break

    return m

def resolvepath(impmod, pathstr):
    '''
    Resolve an object/module from within the given module
    by path name (ie. 'foo.bar.baz')

    Example: x = resolvepath(vstruct.defs, 'win32.SEH_SCOPETABLE')
    '''
    nameparts = pathstr.split('.')
    return resolve(impmod, nameparts)

# NOTE: Gotta import this *after* VStruct/VSArray defined
import vstruct.defs as vs_defs

def getStructure(sname):
    """
    Return an instance of the specified structure.  The
    structure name may be a definition that was added with
    addStructure() or a python path (ie. win32.TEB) of a
    definition from within vstruct.defs.
    """
    x = resolve(vs_defs, sname.split("."))
    if x != None:
        return x()

    return None

def getModuleNames():
    return [x for x in dir(vs_defs) if not x.startswith("__")]

def getStructNames(modname):
    ret = []
    mod = resolve(vs_defs, modname)
    if mod == None:
        return ret

    for n in dir(mod):
        x = getattr(mod, n)
        if isclass(x) and issubclass(x, VStruct):
            ret.append(n)

    return ret

